Future Research
Additional data on JYNNEOS vaccine are needed. Further studies are needed to determine the duration of protection after the 2-dose JYNNEOS vaccination series; recommendations regarding the frequency of booster doses can be modified accordingly. The effectiveness of a single dose JYNNEOS series should be evaluated if orthopoxvirus exposures occur before peak immunogenicity is achieved. Clinical trials evaluating the risk for myopericarditis and serious adverse events are needed to ensure that the risks are characterized and guidance about co-administration of JYNNEOS with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines can be elucidated. Establishing a correlate of protection after vaccination with JYNNEOS might facilitate confirmation of effective vaccination in certain populations and might also shed light on the effectiveness of a single dose of JYNNEOS vaccine. In addition, extensive studies to date have not identified the specific small mammal reservoir for some orthopoxviruses (e.g., Monkeypox virus); identifying the specific reservoir might facilitate the identification of high-risk activities for acquiring orthopoxvirus infections that are not already recognized.
Acknowledgments
Marcie LaRocque, Jessica MacNeil, Milan Patel.
ACIP Orthopoxvirus Work Group
Heike Bailin, National Institutes of Health; Mark Challberg, National Institutes of Health; Wilbur Chen, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Alonzo García, Food and Drug Administration; Stuart N. Isaacs, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; April Killikelly, National Advisory Committee on Immunization, Public Health Agency of Canada; Jee Kim, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health; Michael J. Merchlinsky, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services-Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority; Clement Meseda, Food and Drug Administration; Howard Minkoff, Maimonides Medical Center; Jay Montgomery, U.S. Department of Defense; Ramya Natarajan, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services-Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority; Jafar Razeq, Connecticut State Public Health Laboratory, Rocky Hill, Connecticut; Bryan Schumacher, U.S. Department of Defense; David Weber, University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Sixun Yang, Food and Drug Administration; Amanda Zarrabian, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services-Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority.
CDC Contributors
David Kuhar, Michael McNeil, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases; Elisabeth Hesse, Julie Villanueva, Yon Yu, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections; Marie de Perio, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Julian Jolly, Drug Service; Whitni Davidson, Christine Hughes, Christina Hutson, David Lowe, Andrea M. McCollum, Faisal S. Minhaj, Benjamin Monroe, Mary Reynolds, P.S. Satheshkumar, Michael Townsend, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2022;71(22):734-742. © 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)