Drug-Induced Maculopathy

CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PGA, prostaglandin analog.

Authors and Disclosures

Mahmood J. Khan^a, Thanos Papakostas^a, Kyle Kovacs^a and Mrinali P. Gupta<sup>a,b

a</sup>Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York and ^bRetina Associates of Orange County, Laguna Hills, California, USA

Correspondence to
Mrinali P. Gupta, MD, Retina Associates of Orange County, 23521 Paseo De Valencia #207, Laguna Hills, CA 92653, USA. Tel: +1 949 707 5125; e-mail: mrinali@gmail.com

Conflicts of interest
M.P.G. is a paid consultant with Alcon (Ft. Worth, TX) and Allergan (Irvine, CA) and holds intellectual property licensed by Sonder Research X (Ithaca, NY). K.K. is a paid consultant with Regenxbio (Rockville, MD).

Sidebar

Key Points

• Many drug-induced maculopathies are reversible with discontinuation of the offending drug.

• Diagnostic workup with ocular coherence tomography, fluorescein angiogram, and funduscopic examination are essential in detecting and monitoring maculopathies.

• Prior to beginning many of the agents discussed, it is encouraged to obtain a baseline visual examination.