An in Vitro Study of the Effect of 5-ALA-mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Ying Ma; Shujuan Qu; Liangpeng Xu; Hongbo Lu; Baoguo Li

BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(258)

Conclusion

In conclusion, 5-ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits the growth of SCC25 cells in vitro, which may provide a new idea for OSCC treatment.

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Abbreviations
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma; 5-ALA: 5-aminolevulinic acid

Acknowledgements
None.

Funding
No funding was received for this study.

Availability of data and materials
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Ethics approval and consent to participate
This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Linyi Central Hospital. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Table 1. 5-ALA triggered OSCC cells to produce protoporphyrin IX (x̅ ± s, × 10 ³)
Group (5-ALA)	2 h	4 h	6 h	12 h	24 h
Blank	0.007 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.008 ± 0.002	0.018 ± 0.003	0.026 ± 0.003
5 mg/L	0.238 ± 0.006*	0.361 ± 0.012*	0.351 ± 0.017*	0.693 ± 0.037*^#	2.673 ± 0.048^#
10 mg/L	0.612 ± 0.061*	0.816 ± 0.028*	0.735 ± 0.123*^#	1.487 ± 0.067*^#	5.432 ± 0.079*^#
25 mg/L	2.557 ± 0.161*	3.212 ± 0.037*	5.721 ± 0.483*^#	11.987 ± 0.654*^#	16.987 ± 2.391*^#
50 mg/L	4.962 ± 0.127*	7.791 ± 0.263*	11.723 ± 1.273*^#	21.076 ± 0.763*^#	27.473 ± 3.473*^#
100 mg/L	7.643 ± 1.673*	11.376 ± 2.065*^#	14.723 ± 1.238*^#	26.753 ± 2.632*^#	32.763 ± 3.973*^#
150 mg/L	8.124 ± 1.721*	12.451 ± 2.376*^#	16.302 ± 1.098*^#	29.876 ± 2.398*^#	33.902 ± 4.872*^#

The sample size at each time point was 3 in each group; compared with the blank group at the same time point, *P < 0.05; compared with the same group after 2 h, #P < 0.05

Table 2. Comparison of the survival rate of SCC25 cells treated with 5-ALA and laser for different time between group (x̅ ± s,%)
Group (5-ALA)	2 h	4 h	6 h	12 h
Blank	102.01 ± 7.03	98.16 ± 6.93	97.37 ± 6.51	95.97 ± 6.19
5 mg/L	98.08 ± 7.17	94.09 ± 6.09	87.92 ± 7.89	81.92 ± 4.99
10 mg/L	95.83 ± 6.83	93.81 ± 6.19	89.36 ± 4.87	75.82 ± 3.91*^#
25 mg/L	82.13 ± 3.01*	76.89 ± 3.98*	66.87 ± 8.79*^#	37.92 ± 8.73*^#
50 mg/L	62.01 ± 8.02*	57.93 ± 8.35*	41.28 ± 7.32*^#	8.97 ± 2.97*^#
100 mg/L	78.82 ± 6.53*	53.73 ± 4.83*	29.76 ± 5.83*^#	7.19 ± 1.26*^#

The sample size at each time point was 6 in each group; compared with the blank group at the same time point, *P < 0.05; compared with the same group after 4 h, #P < 0.05

Table 3. Effect of 5-ALA combined with laser irradiation on apoptosis rate and necrosis rate of SCC25 cells in each group (x̅ ± s, %)
Group (5-ALA)	Early apoptosis rate	Late apoptosis rate	Necrosis rate
Blank	0.49 ± 0.07	0.33 ± 0.11	0.39 ± 0.19
100 mg/L	0.51 ± 0.13	0.44 ± 0.17	0.55 ± 0.26
Laser	0.63 ± 0.17	0.35 ± 0.08	0.48 ± 0.23
Laser + 5 mg/L	1.41 ± 0.36*	3.09 ± 0.31^#	1.38 ± 0.34*
Laser + 10 mg/L	1.18 ± 0.35*	5.29 ± 0.49^#	2.73 ± 0.28^#
Laser + 25 mg/L	7.83 ± 0.98^#	17.87 ± 3.01^#	7.41 ± 1.23^#
Laser + 50 mg/L	5.47 ± 0.76^#	24.54 ± 4.02^#	13.89 ± 2.01^#
Laser + 100 mg/L	24.87 ± 4.01^#	44.28 ± 6.73^#	14.83 ± 3.03^#

The sample size at each time point was 3 in each group; compared with the blank group at the same time point, *P < 0.05; compared with the same group after 4 h, #P < 0.05

Table 4. Effect of 5-ALA combined with laser irradiation on SCC25 cell cycle (x̅ ± s)
Group/Stage (%)	I	II	III	IV
Blank	55.832 ± 0.213	3.2876 ± 0.098	5.987 ± 0.211	39.765 ± 0.238
100 mg/L 5-ALA+Laser	78.932 ± 0.238^#	2.473 ± 0.029^#	4.087 ± 0.231^#	17.231 ± 0.029^#