Conclusion
The current classification of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx includes well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (small cell and large cell types). There are major clinical and prognostic differences among the various subtypes and therefore the implications of correctly classifying these carcinomas are critical. To date, there is no evidence to support an etiologic role of HPV in these tumors. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinomas can be made by incorporating light microscopy features, mitotic count, and evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation by immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, tumors that have similar morphologic characteristics, including paraganglioma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and variants of squamous cell carcinoma, should be considered in the diagnostic workup of these lesions. The use of an algorithm, such as the one proposed here, is instrumental in assuring the exclusion of mimickers.
This article was written by members and invitees of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group (www.IHNSG.com).
Am J Clin Pathol. 2019;152(6):686-700. © 2019 American Society for Clinical Pathology
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