Cancer site |
Population |
Test or procedure |
Recommendations |
Breast |
Women 40 to 54 years of age |
Mammography |
Should be routinely performed starting at 45 years of age and should be performed annually in women 45 to 54 years of age Should have the opportunity to begin annual screening between 40 and 44 years of age |
Women 55 years or older |
Should transition to biennial screening or have the opportunity to continue screening annually Mammography should be continued as long as the woman's overall health is good and she has a life expectancy of at least 10 years |
Cervix |
Women 21 to 29 years of age |
Pap smear |
Should be performed starting at 21 years of age and should be performed using conventional or liquid-based options every three years |
Women 30 to 65 years of age |
Pap smear and HPV DNA test |
Combined testing (preferred) should be performed every five years, or a Pap smear alone (acceptable) should be performed every three years (acceptable) |
Women older than 65 years |
Pap smear and HPV DNA test |
Screening should no longer be performed in women older than 65 years who have had at least three consecutive Pap smears with negative results or at least two consecutive HPV tests with negative results and Pap smears within the past 10 years, with the most recent test being performed in the past five years |
Women who have had a total hysterectomy |
— |
Screening should no longer be performed |
Colorectal |
Men and women 45 to 75 years of age, for all tests listed |
Fecal immunochemical test (annual), high-sensitivity guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (annual), multitarget stool DNA test (every three years per manufacturer's recommendation), colonoscopy (every 10 years), CT colonography (every five years), or flexible sigmoidoscopy (every five years) |
Regular screening should be performed with either a high-sensitivity stool-based test or a structural (visual) examination, depending on patient preference and test availability; as part of the screening process, all positive results on noncolonoscopy screening tests should be followed up with timely colonoscopy Screening should be continued until 75 years of age in patients in good health with a life expectancy of more than 10 years |
Men and women 76 to 85 years of age |
— |
Screening decisions should be individualized, based on patient preference, life expectancy, health status, and screening history; if a decision is made to continue screening, the patient should be offered options as listed above |
Men and women older than 85 years |
— |
Should be discouraged from continuing screening |
Endometrial |
Women, at menopause |
— |
Should be informed about risks and symptoms of endometrial cancer and strongly encouraged to report any unexpected bleeding or spotting to their physicians |
Lung |
Current or former smokers 55 to 74 years of age in good health with at least a 30-pack-year history of smoking |
Low-dose helical CT |
Should be performed annually in adults who currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years, and who have at least a 30-pack-year smoking history; receive evidence-based smoking cessation counseling (if they are current smokers); have undergone a process of informed or shared decision-making that included information about the potential benefits, limitations, and harms of screening with low-dose CT; and have access to a high-volume, high-quality lung cancer screening and treatment center |
Prostate |
Men 50 years or older |
Prostate-specific antigen test with or without digital rectal examination |
Men who have a life expectancy of at least 10 years should have an opportunity to make an informed decision with their health care professional about whether to be screened after receiving information about the potential benefits, risks, and uncertainties associated with screening; should not occur without an informed decision-making process |
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