Author |
Patients |
Embolic (patients) |
Response (patients) |
Complications (number of patients) |
Acute Bleeding |
Churojana, 201238 |
5 |
NBCA (33 - 50%) |
Recurrence (3) |
Infection (2) |
McGrath, 201225 |
9 |
PVA (355 - 500 um, 150 - 250 um) |
Requiring second embolization for control (1) |
None |
Pre-surgical |
Pompa, 201139 |
11 |
PVA (7), Coils (4) |
> 90% Flow reduction in 7 cases |
None Reported |
Lee, 200440 |
16 |
NBCA (13), Ethanol (3) |
Cure (16) |
Pulmonary Embolism (1) |
Head and Neck |
Kim, 2015 41 |
45 |
Ethanol, NBCA (15), Onyx (1) |
No response (3), Cure (8), Recurrence (5) |
Skin necrosis (18 - 3 require grafting), bullae (12), Stroke (1), swelling requiring decompression (1) |
Dmytriw, 201432 |
89 (244 sessions) |
PVA (96), NBCA (103), Coils (5) |
Cure (52 - 28 w/combined surgery, mostly small AVMs), Recurrence (2) |
Swelling requiring intubation (1), post-operative bleeding (5), vision loss (1), stroke (1) |
Pekkola, 201313 |
19 |
Ethanol |
6 with residual symptoms, 1 recurrence, 1 progression of symptoms |
Skin necrosis (5 - 2 with secondary infection, 1 requiring surgery), mucosal necrosis (2), tissue necrosis (2), transient paresthesia (1), blindness (1) |
Srinivasan, 201423 |
7 |
Onyx 18 |
Partial response |
Skin necrosis (1), ankle stiffness (1), |
Trunk, Pelvis, Extremities |
Wohlgemuth, 201534 |
11 |
Onyx, Coils (4) |
Cure (8), Partial (3), Recurrence (1) |
No complications |
Tan, 200442 |
13 |
NBCA (11), PVA (5, 300 - 500um) |
No response (4), Cure (2), Recurrence (2) |
Fracture (1), transient paralysis (1) |
Cho, 200630 |
66 |
Ethanol |
Cure (21), No relief (17) |
Skin necrosis (31), bullae (10), paresthesias (2), stroke (1), embolism (3), permanent nerve injury (2), infection (2), tissue necrosis (1) |
Rockman, 200343 |
50 (30 avm) |
PVA (11) NBCA (22), ibca (6), coils (1) |
Unchanged (4), Cured (14) |
hematoma (1), recurrence requiring amputation (1) |
Yakes, 201044 |
48 |
Ethanol, coils |
Cured (36) |
Transient nerve (4), blistering (4), PE (1), tissue necrosis requiring bowel diversion (1) |
Pulmonary |
Mager, 200429 |
112 |
Coils |
Recanalization (19) |
TIA (3), cerebral abscess (2), coil migration (5 - 3 requiring retrieval), pulmonary infiltrate (1), angina (1), DVT (1) |
Letourneau, 201045 |
24 |
Vascular Plug |
Recanalization (2 - of 19 pt f/u), all had sx improvement |
No complications |
Renal |
Murata, 201446 |
12 |
Coils, NBCA (3), Gel Sponge (1), Ethanol (3) |
Recurrence (2 - treated with coils only), Cure (10) |
No complications |
Dominant Outflow Vein Architecture |
Conway, 201519 |
14 |
Plug and coils (13), Ethanol (2), NBCA (11 - 1:1) |
No response (1), Cure (5) |
No complications |
Sung, 200831 |
19 |
Ethanol, coil (13) |
Cure (13) |
Embolism (3), stroke (1), bladder necrosis (1), skin necrosis (3) |