Anti-inflammatory Deficiencies in Neutrophilic Asthma

The data were analyzed by partial correlation, adjusted by age and BMI. *p < 0.001, ^#p < 0.05, NS: not significant (p > 0.05). Gal-3: galectin-3; gal-3BP: galectin-3 binding protein; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; IL-8: interleukin 8; IL-6: interleukin 6.

The data were analyzed by partial correlation, adjusted by age and BMI. *p < 0.001, ^#p < 0.05, NS: not significant (p > 0.05). Gal-3: galectin-3; gal-3BP: galectin-3 binding protein; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; IL-8: interleukin 8; IL-6: interleukin 6.

Data were analyzed by the Partial Correlation test, adjusted by age and BMI. *p < 0.001, ^#p < 0.05, NS: not significant (p > 0.05). Gal-3: galectin-3; gal-3BP: galectin-3 binding protein; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; IL-8: interleukin 8; IL-6: interleukin 6.

Data are expressed as median (IQR). P value: ICS group vs. ICS/LABA group, data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. P' value: among different ICS dose categories, data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis. ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LABA: long-acting beta agonist; gal-3: galectin-3; gal-3BP: galectin-3 binding protein; IL-1RA: IL-1 receptor antagonist; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-8: interleukin 8.

BMI: Body Mass Index; IL-1β: interleukin 1β.

Authors and Disclosures

Peng Gao^1,2,3, Peter G Gibson^2,3,4, Katherine J Baines^2,3, Ian A Yang^5,6, John W Upham^5,7, Paul N Reynolds^8,9, Sandra Hodge^8,9, Alan L James^10,11, Christine Jenkins¹², Matthew J Peters^13,14, Jie Zhang¹ and Jodie L Simpson^2,3*

¹Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. ²Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia. ³Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. ⁴Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia. ⁵School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. ⁶Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. ⁷Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. ⁸Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. ⁹Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia. ¹⁰Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia. ¹¹School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. ¹²Respiratory Trials, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ¹³Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ¹⁴Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia

*Correspondence
jodie.simpson@newcastle.edu.au

Competing interests
The authors declare they have no competing interests.

Author's contributions
JLS, PG participated in the design of the study, compiled, analyzed and interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. PGG participated in the design of the study and reviewed the drafted manuscript and was responsible for the clinical supervision of the project. KJB assisted in the design of the study and reviewed the final manuscript. PGG, IAY, JWU, PNR, SH, ALJ, CJ, MJP recruited participants for the study and reviewed the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.