Number |
Author |
Medical Personnel |
Number of Procedures |
Types of Procedures |
Duration of Exposure |
Mean Dose |
1 |
Bush, Jones, & Brannen, 1985 |
Assisting nurse |
77 |
PCNL |
24 minutes (mean) |
40 μSv/case (measured at the level of the neck) |
2 |
Lowe, Auster, Beck, Chang, & Marshall, 1986 |
Surgical assistant |
7 |
PCNL |
27.8 minutes (mean) |
37 μSv/case to neck and 25 μSv/case to right and left hand |
Scrub nurse |
7 |
PCNL |
27.8 minutes (mean) |
12 μSv/case (measured at the level of the neck) |
Circulating nurse |
6 |
PCNL |
Information not available |
19 μSv/case (measured at the level of the neck) |
3 |
Rao et al., 1987 |
Scrub nurse |
18 |
PCNL |
21.9 minutes (mean) |
Information not available Measurement done for eyes and hands |
4 |
Baldock, Greener, & Batchelor, 1992 |
Assisting staff |
Information not available |
ESWL |
Information not available |
4800 μSv annually |
5 |
Giblin, Rubenstein, Taylor, & Pahira, 1996 |
Assistant |
5 |
PCNL |
Information not available |
500 μSv/hour |
6 |
Tse et al., 1999 |
Scrub nurse |
20 |
PCNL, RGP, stenting, URS |
63.1 minutes (for 20 cases) |
40 μSV (for 20 cases) to the thyroid |
7 |
Hellawell, Mutch, Thevendran, Wells, & Morgan, 2005 |
Assistant |
24 |
PCNL, RGP, stenting, URS |
0.1 to 22.9 minutes |
2.1 ± 0.5 to 120 ± 30 μSv/case Higher dose to legs |
Nurse |
24 |
PCNL, RGP, stenting, URS |
0.1 to 22.9 minutes |
0.5 ± 0.1 to 24 ± 6 μSv/case Higher dose to legs |
8 |
Kumari et al., 2006 |
Assisting surgeon |
50 |
PCNL |
6.04 minutes (range 1.8 to 12.16 minutes) |
12 μSv/case |
Technical assistant |
50 |
PCNL |
6.04 minutes (range 1.8 to 12.16 minutes) |
2.6 μSv/case |
Scrub nurse |
50 |
PCNL |
6.04 minutes (range 1.8 to 12.16 minutes) |
0.3 μSv/case |
Floor nurse |
50 |
PCNL |
6.04 minutes (range 1.8 to 12.16 minutes) |
0.16 μSv/case |
9 |
Majidpour, 2010 |
Assistant |
100 |
PCNL |
4.5 minutes (range 1 to 8 minutes) |
0.05, 0.01, 0.025, and 0.1 μSv to the head, eye glasses, fingers, and legs, respectively, per case |
|
Circulating nurse |
100 |
PCNL |
4.5 minutes (range 1 to 8 minutes) |
Zero (0) |
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