Systematic Review of the Incidence and Prevalence of Genital Warts

Harshila Patel; Monika Wagner; Puneet Singhal; Smita Kothari

BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13(39)

Abstract

Background Anogenital warts (AGWs) are a common, highly infectious disease caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), whose high recurrence rates contribute to direct medical costs, productivity loss and increased psychosocial impact. Because of the lack of a systematic review of the epidemiology of AGWs in the literature, this study reviewed the published medical literature on the incidence and prevalence of AGWs.

Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed on the worldwide incidence and prevalence of AGWs between 2001 and 2012 using the PubMed and EMBASE databases. An additional screening of abstracts from relevant sexual health and infectious disease conferences from 2009 to 2011 was also conducted. Only original studies with general adult populations (i.e., at least including ages 20 through 40 years) were included.

Results The overall (females and males combined) reported annual incidence of any AGWs (including new and recurrent) ranged from 160 to 289 per 100,000, with a median of 194.5 per 100,000. New AGW incidence rates among males ranged from 103 to 168 per 100,000, with a median of 137 per 100,000 and among females from 76 to 191 per 100,000, with a median of 120.5 per 100,000 per annum. The reported incidence of recurrent AGWs was as high as 110 per 100,000 among females and 163 per 100,000 among males. Incidence peaked before 24 years of age in females and between 25 and 29 years of age among males. The overall prevalence of AGWs based on retrospective administrative databases or medical chart reviews or prospectively collected physician reports ranged from 0.13% to 0.56%, whereas it ranged from 0.2% to 5.1% based on genital examinations.

Conclusions The literature suggests that AGWs are widespread and the prevalence depends on study methodology as suggested by higher rates reported from routine genital examinations versus those from treatment records. However, there remains a need for more population-based studies from certain regions including Africa, Latin America and Southern Asia to further elucidate the global epidemiology of this disease.

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Table 1. Incidence of anogenital warts
Study	Country/Year	Setting, population and age groups	Annual incidence per 100,000			Definitions
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	New	Recurrent	Any (including new and recurrent)	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Data based on retrospective administrative databases or medical chart reviews
Pirotta et al., 2010 [27]	Australia/2000–06	Setting: nationally representative random sample of approximately 6,460 practicing GPs and sexual health clinics	NA	NA	Overall: 219 Males: 206 Females: 231	Any: GW cases never managed by any doctor or a first medical consultation for a new episode of a recurrent problem as determined by GP at consultation
		Population: general population			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: all ages			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Steben et al., 2011³¹	Canada (Quebec)/2007 (data for most recent year)	Setting: provincial, public healthcare system	Males: 103 Females: 98	NA	NA	New: GW cases preceded by a 12-month, disease-free period of GW care
		Population: population covered by the public drug plan (41% of total population)	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: all ages	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Marra et al., 2009³²	Canada (British Columbia)/1998–2006	Setting: physicians, hospitals and STI clinics (province-wide)	Overall: 126 Males: 131 Females: 121	NA	NA	New: GW cases preceded by a 12-month, disease-free period of GW care
		Denominator: general population	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: all ages	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Kliewer et al., 2009³³	Canada (Manitoba)/2004	Setting: physician offices and hospitals (province-wide)	Males: 154 Females: 120	NA	NA	New: GW cases preceded by a 12-month, disease-free period of GW care
		Population: general population	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: all ages	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Kraut et al., 2010³⁴	Germany/2005–06	Setting: physician offices and hospitals	Overall: 170 Males: 148 Females: 191	NA	NA	New: GW cases preceded by a 12-month, disease-free period of GW care
		Population: a sample of the German population with statutory health insurance covering all geographical regions (N = 14 million)^†	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: 10–79 years	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Vittori et al., 2008²⁸	Italy/2005	Setting: random sample of 78 gynecologists stratified by geographic region	Females: 430	Females: 110 (early); 60 (late)	NA	New: patients without previous history of GWs. Early recurrent: patients who had a GW episode within the previous 12 months
		Population: female population visiting gynecologists				Late recurrent: patients who had a GW episode more than 12 months prior to study episode
		Age: 14–64 years				?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
van den Broek et al., 2010³⁹	Netherlands/2006	Setting: GPs (representative national sample) and all Dutch STI centers	NA	NA	Males: 94* Females: 137*	Any: patients with symptoms of GWs
		Population: general population			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: all ages			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Castellsague et al., 2009²⁹	Spain/2005	Setting: representative sample of dermatologists, gynecologists and urologists in the public healthcare setting from 6 autonomous regions	Overall: 118 Males: 137 Females: 100	Overall: 43 Males: 47 Females: 39	Overall: 160 Males: 184 Females: 137	New: patients without any prior GW diagnosis
		Population: general population (68% of total Spanish population)	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Recurrent: patients who had a previous GW episode
		Age: 14–64 years	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Recurrent: patients who had a previous GW episode
Cassell et al., 2006⁴⁰	UK/1998–2000	Setting: representative sample of GPs and GUM clinics	NA	NA	Males: 308 Females: 236	Any: all patients diagnosed with GWs
		Population: general population			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: all ages			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Desai et al., 2011³⁸	UK (England)/2006–2009	Setting: representative sample of GPs and all GUM clinics	Overall: 157 Males: 168 Females: 142	Overall: 133 Males: 163 Females: 103	Overall: 289 Males: 331 Females: 245	New: patients diagnosed with GWs for the first time during study period
		Population: general population	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Recurrent: episode occurring more than 8 weeks after last attendance
		Age: all ages	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Hoy et al., 2009³⁵	USA/2004	Setting: physicians, hospitals, ERs reimbursed by 5 geographically dispersed private health plans	Overall: 120 Males: 110 Females: 120	NA	NA	New: individuals not having a medical or pharmacy claim associated with GWs in the previous 12 months to the index medical claim
		Population: privately-insured population (N = 3.8 million)	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: all ages	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Insinga et al., 2003²	USA/2000	Setting: physicians, hospitals, ERs reimbursed by private health plans	NA	NA	Overall: 170 Males: 167 Females: 165	Any: all patients diagnosed with GWs
		Population: privately-insured population (N = 3.7 million)			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: all ages			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Koshiol et al., 2004³⁶	USA/2001	Setting: physicians, hospitals, ERs reimbursed by approximately 30 private health plans (national)	Overall: 205	NA	NA	New: no GW-related claims during the initial 12 months of continuous enrollment
		Population: privately-insured population (N = 5.9 million)
		Age: 15–59 years
Data based on prospectively collected physician reports
Lin et al., 2010³⁰	China (Hong Kong)/2009	Setting: sample of 170 physicians operating in private clinics (GPs, obstetricians/gynecologists and dermatologists/venereologists) and all 5 local social hygiene clinics	Overall: 204 Males: 292 Females: 125	NA	NA	New: cases with no past symptoms or clinical diagnosis of GWs
		Population: general population	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: ≥18 yrs	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Monsonego et al., 2007⁴³	France/2005	Setting: nationwide random sample of 212 gynecologists	Females: 176	Females: 48	Females: 229	NA
		Population: general female population
		Age: 15–65 years
Hillemanns et al., 2008³⁷	Germany/2005	Setting: representative sample of 129 gynecologists	Females: 114 (age 14–65); 76 (all ages)	Females: 35 (age 14–65); 23 (all ages)	Females: 149 (age 14–65); 99 (all ages)	New: patients diagnosed with GWs at the time of the visit
		Population: general female population				Recurrent: patients with previous episodes of GWs that had resolved
		Age: 14–65 years and all ages				Resistant: patients with previous episodes of GWs that had not resolved with treatment
Pasciullo et al., 2011⁴¹	Italy/2009	Setting: geographically representative sample of 650 GPs	NA	NA	Overall: 8 Males: 10 Females: 4	Any: all patients diagnosed with GWs
		Population: population listed with the above GPs (N = 959,778)			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
		Age: ≥15 years			?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
Data based on genital examinations of samples from the general population
Anic et al., 2011⁸	Multinational (USA, Mexico, Brazil)/2005–2009	Setting: prospective study investigating the natural history of HPV infection in men (HPV in Men study)	Males: 235	NA	NA	NA
		Population: males with no previous history of GW participating in the above study (N = 2,487)
		Age: 18–70 years
Sasagawa et al., 2011⁴²	Japan/2009	Setting: 63 private clinics in 5 districts	NA	NA	Females: 251	NA
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Population: women attending Pap screening in above private clinics (N = 60,414)	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Age: 10–59 years	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?

AGWs anogenital warts, ER emergency room, GP general practitioner, GUM genitourinary medicine, GWs genital warts, N number of individuals examined or followed, NA not available, STI sexually transmitted infection.
* GP and STI center rates combined.
^†About 90% of the German population is covered by the statutory health insurance.³⁴

Table 2. Prevalence of anogenital warts
Study	Country/year	Population, setting and age groups	Prevalence %
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Males	Females	Overall
Data based on retrospective administrative databases or medical chart reviews
Marra et al., 2009³²	Canada (British Columbia)/2006	Setting: physicians, hospitals and STI clinics (province-wide)	0.16	0.14	0.15
		Denominator: general population
		Age: all ages
Kliewer et al., 2009³³	Canada (Manitoba)/2004	Setting: physician offices and hospitals (province-wide)	0.17	0.13	0.15
		Population: general population
		Age: all ages
Vittori et al., 2008²⁸	Italy/2005	Setting: random sample of 78 gynecologists stratified by geographic region	NA	0.6	NA
		Population: female population visiting gynecologists
		Age: 14–64 years
Castellsague et al., 2009²⁹	Spain/2005	Setting: representative sample of dermatologists, gynecologists and urologists in the public healthcare setting from 6 autonomous regions	0.20	0.16	0.18
		Population: general population (68% of total Spanish population)
		Age: 14–64 years
Data based on prospectively collected physician reports
Mariani et al., 2011⁴⁷	Italy/2010	Setting: 45 extra-hospital gynecologists in gynecological ambulatories stratified by geographic region	NA	0.56	NA
		Population: female population listed with the above GPs (N = 16,410)
		Age: 15–64 years
Pasciullo et al., 2011⁴¹	Italy/2009	Setting: geographically representative sample of 650 GPs	0.06	0.03	0.05
		Population: population listed with the above GPs (N = 959,778)
		Age: ≥15 years
Lee et al., 2010⁴⁶	South Korea/2008	Setting: gynecological clinics in the top 6 metropolitan cities	NA	0.14	NA
		Population: female patients visiting the above gynecological clinics (N = 117,381)
		Age: all ages
Data based on genital examinations of samples from the general population
Sellors et al., 2000⁴⁸	Canada (Ontario)/1998–1999	Setting: family practices for cytologic screening randomly selected in proportion to the regional population	NA	1.10	NA
		Population: female population attending cervical Pap screening with the above family physicians (N = 909)
		Age: 15–49 years
Nyári et al., 2004⁴⁹	Hungary (Southeast)/2000	Setting: outpatient gynecology clinics	NA	4.03	NA
		Population: randomly selected asymptomatic female population attending the above gynecology clinics (N = 397)
		Age: mean 35.5 years (SD 9.7)
Jimenez-Vieyra, 2010⁵⁰	Mexico (Mexico City)/2002–09	Setting: sexual health clinic	NA	3.20	NA
		Population: female population attending opportunistic cervical Pap screening at above sexual health clinic (N = 3,232*)
		Age: 15–54 years
Vaccarella et al., 2006⁴⁵	Mexico/2003–2004	Setting: 27 public clinics stratified by geographic region	5.1^†	NA	NA
		Population: male population seeking vasectomy in the above clinics (N = 779)
		Age: mean 34.0 years
Garcia et al., 2004⁵¹	Peru/1997–98	Setting: CBOs (mother's clubs) from 18 districts	NA	2.40	NA
		Population: rural female population from the above mother's clubs (N = 752)
		Age: 18–67 years
Nyitray et al., 2008⁴⁴	USA (Tucson and Tampa)/NA	Setting: prospective HPV epidemiology study	4.10	NA	NA
		Population: heterosexual men from general population participating in the above study (N = 222)
		Age: 18–40 years
Lan et al., 2008⁵²	Vietnam (Bavi district)/2006	Setting: gynecological examinations performed by physicians	NA	0.20	NA
Lan et al., 2008⁵²	Vietnam (Bavi district)/2006	Population: married rural women randomly recruited from the general population (N = 1,012)	NA	0.20	NA
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Age: 18–49 years	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?

AGWs anogenital warts, GP general practitioner, GWs genital warts, N number of individuals examined or followed, NA not available, SD standard deviation, STI sexually transmitted infection.
* Number of Pap tests performed.
^† Penile condyloma acuminata.

Table 3. Past 12-month and lifetime history of anogenital warts based on self reports
Study	Country/year	Population, setting and age groups	Self-reported history of AGWs, % (95% CI)
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Within the past 12 months	Lifetime
Matos et al., 2003⁵⁸	Argentina/1998	Random sub-sample of females from 1,786 households stratified by socio-economic status; age: ≥ 15 years; N = 1,028	NA	1.8
Syrjanen et al., 2005⁵⁹	Argentina and Brazil/2002–2003	Women attending four clinics as part of the Latin American Screening Study multi-center screening trial; age: 14–67 years; N = 12,107 (Argentina, [Buenos Aires]: N = 3,437; Brazil [Campinas]: N = 2,627; [Porto Alegre]: N = 3,043; [Sao Paolo]: N = 3,000)	NA	Vulvar/anal warts:
				Buenos Aires: 0.4/0
				Campinas: 2.3/0.3
				Porto Alegre: 3.4/0.5
				Sao Paolo: 1.1/0.1
Brotherton et al., 2009⁵⁵	Australia/2001–02	Representative sample of the general population; age: 16–59 years; N = 9,729 males and 9,578 females	Males: 0.5*	Males: 4.0*
Brotherton et al., 2009⁵⁵	Australia/2001–02		Females: 0.3*	Females: 4.4*
Parish et al., 2007⁶¹	China	Representative sample of the general population; age: 20–64 years; N = 2,999	Males: 1.2 (0.7–2.0)	NA
Parish et al., 2007⁶¹	China		Females: 2.0 (1.2–3.2)	NA
Blomberg et al., 2010⁶⁰	Denmark	Random sub-samples of males and females from the general population; age: 18–45 years; N = 23,080 males	NA	Males: 7.9*
Kjaer et al., 2007⁵⁴	Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden/2004–05	National probability sample of general female population; age:18–45 years; N = 22,199 Denmark; 15,051 Iceland; 16,604 Norway; 15,713 Sweden	Denmark: 1.3 (1.2–1.5)*	Denmark: 10.1 (9.7–10.5)*
			Iceland: 1.9 (1.7–2.1)*	Iceland: 12.0 (11.5–12.6)*
			Norway: 1.1 (1.0–1.3)*	Norway: 9.5 (9.0–9.9)*
			Sweden: 1.0 (0.9–1.2)*	Sweden: 11.3 (10.8–11.8)*
Fenton et al., 2001⁵⁶	England, Scotland and Wales/1999–2001	National probability sample of sexually active population; age: 16–44 years; N = 5,376 males and 5,323 females	NA	Males: 3.6 (3.1–4.2)*
Fenton et al., 2001⁵⁶	England, Scotland and Wales/1999–2001		NA	Females: 4.1 (3.6–4.7)*
Klavs and Grgic-Vitek, 2008⁵³	Slovenia/1999–2001	National probability sample of sexually active population; age: 18–49 years; N = 752 males and 842 females	NA	Males: 0.27 (0–1.3)*
Klavs and Grgic-Vitek, 2008⁵³	Slovenia/1999–2001		NA	Females: 0.36 (0.1–1.1)*
Dinh et al., 2008⁵⁷	USA/1999–2004	National probability sample of sexually active general US population; age: 18–59 years; N = 4,673 females and 4,176 males	NA	Males: 4.0 (3.2–5.0)*
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'?	Females: 7.2 (6.2–8.4)*

* In these surveys, participants were specifically asked about clinically diagnosed warts.
CI confidence interval, N: number of individuals examined or followed, NA not available.

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Systematic Review of the Incidence and Prevalence of Genital Warts

Abstract

Tables

Tables

Tables

References

Authors and Disclosures

Authors and Disclosures

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