Author |
Design |
Study population |
Study period and outcome |
Case/Control |
Coffee consumption |
Risk estimate (95% CI) |
Covariate adjustments |
Kuper et al.,11 2000 |
HCCS |
Greece |
1995–1998 HCC incidence |
333/360 |
Nondrinkers |
1 |
Age, gender, years of schooling, HBsAg and/or anti-HCV status |
<20 cups/week |
1.1 (0.5–2.6) |
≥20 cups/week |
0.9 (0.4–2.5) |
Gallus et al.,12 2002 |
HCCS |
Greece Italy |
1995–1998 |
834/1912 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, history of diabetes or hepatitis, education, BMI |
1984–1997 HCC incidence |
1 cup/day |
1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
2 cup/day |
1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
≥3 cups/day |
0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
Shimazu et al.20 2005 |
CS1 |
Japan |
1984–1992 Primary liver cancer incidence |
70/22404 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, history of liver disease |
occasionally |
0.56 (0.33–0.97) |
≥1 cups/day |
0.53 (0.28–1.00) |
Shimazu et al.,20 2005 |
CS2 |
Japan |
1990–1997 Primary liver cancer incidence |
47/38703 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, history of liver disease |
occasionally |
1.05 (0.52~2.16) |
≥1 cups/day |
0.68 (0.31~1.51) |
Kurozawa et al.,22 2005 |
CS |
Japan |
1988–1999 HCC mortality |
258/83966 |
Total |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Age, sex, smoking, alcohol habits, history of diabetes or liver disease, education |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
<1 cup/day |
0.83 (0.54–1.25) |
≥1 cup/day |
0.50 (0.31–0.79) |
Men |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
<1 cup/day |
0.91(0.57–1.45) |
≥1 cup/day |
0.49(0.28–0.85) |
Women |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
<1 cup/day |
0.64 (0.27–1.51) |
≥1 cup/day |
0.51 (0.20–1.31) |
Inoue et al.,21 2005 |
CS |
Japan |
1990–2001 HCC incidence |
334/90452 |
Men and women |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Age, sex, study area, ethanol intake, green vegetable, green tea and smoking |
Almost never |
1.0 |
1–2 day/week |
0.75 (0.56–1.01) |
3–4 day/week |
0.79 (0.55–1.14) |
1–2 cups/day |
0.52 (0.38–0.73) |
3–4 cups/day |
0.48 (0.28–0.83) |
≥5 cups/day |
0.24 (0.08–0.77) |
Men |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Almost never |
1.0 |
1–2 day/week |
0.74 (0.52–1.05) |
3–4 day/week |
0.76 (0.50–1.16) |
1–2 cups/day |
0.55 (0.38–0.80) |
3–4 cups/day |
0.41 (0.21–0.77) |
≥5 cups/day |
0.27 (0.09–0.87) |
women |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Almost never |
1.0 |
1–2 day/week |
0.77 (0.43–1.37) |
3–4 day/week |
0.89 (0.43–1.84) |
1–2 cups/day |
0.43 (0.20–0.90) |
3–4 cups/day |
0.89 (0.31–2.59) |
≥5 cups/day |
----- |
Gelatti et al.,13 2005 |
HCCS |
Italy |
1994–2003 HCC incidence |
250/500 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Age, sex, alcohol drinking, HBV and/or HCV infection |
1–2 cups/day |
0.8 (0.4–1.3) |
3–4 cups/day |
0.4 (0.2–0.8) |
≥5 cups/day |
0.3 (0.1–0.7) |
Ohfuji et al.,14 2006 |
HCCS |
Japan |
2001–2002 HCC incidence |
73/253 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, time since first identification of liver disease, BMI, disease severity, family history of liver disease, interferon therapy |
<1 cup/day |
0.61 (0.18–2.03) |
≥1 cup/day |
0.38 (0.13–1.12) |
Tanaka et al.,15 2007 |
PCCS |
Japan |
2001–2004 HCC incidence |
209/1253 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Age, sex, smoking status, heavy alcohol drinking, |
occasionally |
0.33 (0.22~0.48) |
1–2 cups/day |
0.27 (0.15~0.48) |
≥3 cups/day |
0.22 (0.11~0.43) |
Montella et al.,16 2007 |
HCCS |
Italy |
1999–2002 HCC incidence |
185/412 |
Abstainers |
2.28 (0.99–5.24) |
Age, sex, alcohol drinking, HBV and/or HCV infection, education, smoking, alcohol drinking |
<14 cups/week |
1.0 |
14–20 cups/week |
0.54 (0.27–1.07) |
21–27 cups/week |
0.57 (0.25–1.32) |
≥28 cups/week |
0.43 (0.16–1.13) |
Wakai et al.,17 2007 |
NCCS |
Japan |
1988–1990 HCC incidence |
96/3444 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, consumption of areca,educational levels, ethnicity,source of hospital |
<1 cup/day |
0.77 (0.45–1.32) |
≥1 cup/day |
0.49 (0.25–0.96) |
Hu et al.,23 2008 |
CS |
Finland |
1997–2002 HCC incidence |
128/60323 |
Total |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, education, study year, diabetes and chronic liver disease BMI and during follow up. |
0–1 cup/day |
1.0 |
2–3 cups/day |
0.66 (0.37–1.16) |
4–5 cups/day |
0.44 (0.25–0.77) |
6–7 cups/day |
0.38 (0.21–0.69) |
≥8 cups/day |
0.32 (0.16~0.62) |
Men |
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0–1 cup/day |
1.0 |
2–3 cups/day |
0.68 (0.35–1.31) |
4–5 cups/day |
0.35 (0.18–0.71) |
6–7 cups/day |
0.31 (0.15–0.63) |
≥8 cups/day |
0.28 (0.13–0.61) |
Women |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
0–1 cup/day |
1.0 |
2–3 cups/day |
0.62 (0.19–2.04) |
4–5 cups/day |
0.60 (0.20–1.82) |
6–7 cups/day |
0.58 (0.19–1.82) |
≥8 cups/day |
0.41 (0.10–1.70) |
Ohishi et al.,18 2008 |
NCCS |
Japan |
1999–2002 HCC incidence |
224/644 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Hepatitis virus infection, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, BMI, diabetes mellitus, and radiation dose to the liver |
Daily |
0.40 (0.16–1.02) |
Inoue et al.,24 2009 |
CS |
Japan |
1993–1994 HCC incidence |
110/18815 |
Total |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Age, sex, area, smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, diabetes mellitus, green tea consumption, serum ALTlevel, and HBV and HCV infection status |
Almost never |
1.0 |
<1 cup/day |
0.67 (0.42–1.07) |
1–2 cups/day |
0.49 (0.27–0.91) |
≥3 cups/day |
0.54 (0.21–1.39) |
Men |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Almost never |
1.0 |
<1 cup/day |
0.79 (0.46–1.37) |
1–2 cups/day |
0.37 (0.17–0.81) |
≥3 cups/day |
0.32 (0.10–1.10) |
Women |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
Almost never |
1.0 |
<1 cup/day |
0.39 (0.15–1.03) |
1–2 cups/day |
0.92 (0.36–2.38) |
≥3 cups/day |
0.69 (0.11–4.22) |
Johnson et al.,25 2011 |
CS |
Chinese |
1993–2006 HCC incidence |
362/61321 |
Nondrinkers |
1.0 |
Age at recruitment, sex, dialect group, year of recruitment, BMI, level of education, consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking, black tea and green tea intake, and history of diabetes. |
0-<1 drinkers/day |
0.94 (0.63–1.40) |
1-<2 drinkers/day |
1.17 (0.87–1.56) |
2-<3 drinkers/day |
0.78 (0.56–1.07) |
≥3 drinkers/day |
0.56 (0.31–1.00) |
Leung et al.19 2011 |
HCCS |
HongKong |
2007–2008 HCC incidence |
109/125 |
<1 time/week |
1.0 |
Age, sex, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, tea consumption and physical activity |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
1–3 times/week |
0.58 (0.24–1.36) |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |
≥4 times/week |
0.41 (0.19–0.89) |
?dctmLink chronic_id='0901c791801ed00f' object_id='0901c791801ed00f' edit_widget_type=graphic??dctmEditor selectedObject='0901c791801ed00f'? |