Study (year) |
n |
Inclusion criteria |
Outcome |
Follow-up |
Results |
Ref. |
Setaro et al. (1990) Verapamil |
20 |
EF >45%; males; mean age: 68; abnormal PFR 2.5 EDV/s |
Exercise capacity |
3 months |
Significant improvement in exercise |
[37] |
Aronow et al. (1993) Enalapril |
21 |
EF >50%; mean age: 79; prior MI; NYHA class III; frusemide 2 weeks before |
NYHA class and exercise tolerance |
3 months |
Improved exercise capacity and improvement in NYHA class |
[48] |
Lang et al. (1995) Lisinopril |
12 |
EF >50%; mean age: 72; angina/MI; NYHA class I–III; Normal CXR; diastolic dysfunction on Doppler echocardiography |
Breathlessness and fatigue |
|
No significant benefit in terms of echo parameters (E/A ratio) or in visual analog scales of symptoms |
[49] |
Aronow et al. (1997) Propranolol |
158 |
EF >40%; mean age: 81; NYHA class II–III; prior MI; on ACE inhibitors and diuretics |
All-cause mortality and nonfatal MI |
32 months |
35% significant reduction in total mortality and a 37% significant decrease in total mortality plus nonfatal myocardial infarction; improved LVEF by 6%; significantly greater reduction in left ventricular mass |
[50] |
Warner et al. (1999) Losartan |
20 |
EF >50%; mean age: 64; diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography; normotensive at rest with hypertensive response to exercise; mitral flow velocity E/A <1; normal stress echocardiography |
Quality of life and exercise tolerance |
2 weeks for each arm, crossed over to other arm with 2-week washout period |
Exercise time increased; quality of life improved with losartan; peak SBP during exercise decreased; resting BP unaltered |
[51] |
Hung et al. (2002) verapamil |
30 |
EF >50%; NYHA class II–III |
CHF score, treadmill exercise test, Doppler echocardiography |
3 months |
NYHA class improved exercise tolerance, significant benefit in terms of echocardiogram parameters (E/A ratio) |
[52] |
Zi et al. (2003) Quinapril |
74 |
EF >40% mean age: 77; NYHA class II–III |
Quality of life, NYHA class, exercise duration |
6 months |
Neutral results |
[53] |
Yusuf et al. (2003) Candesartan (CHARM-P) |
3023 |
EF >40%; mean age: 67; NYHA class II–IV; prior hospitalization |
Primary: cardiovascular death; HF-related hospitalization Secondary: composites of primary outcome (cardiovascular death, HF-related hospital admission) and MI, nonfatal stroke and coronary revascularization |
36.6 months |
Less hospitalization due to HF decompensation; relative risk reduction in CVS death by 11%; reduction in new onset DM |
[54] |
Nodari et al. (2003) Nebivolol |
26 (30)† |
EF >50%; NYHA class II–III; mild hypertension; peak VO2 25 ml/kg/min; EDD <32 mm/m2 |
Primary: pulmonary wedge pressure at peak exercise Secondary: hemodynamic parameters and maximum exercise tolerance |
6 months |
Increase in peak VO2 and VO2 at AT; decrease in VE:VCO2 ratio |
[55] |
Takeda et al. (2004) Carvedilol |
40 |
EF >45%; mean age: 71; NYHA class II–III; Stage c HF |
NYHA class; exercise tolerance plasma BNP levels |
12 months |
NYHA class improved, exercise tolerance, improved, reduction in plasma BNP levels |
[56] |
Flather (2005) Nebivolol (SENIORS) subgroup |
752 (2128)‡ |
EF >35%; mean age: 76 |
All-cause mortality, HF-related hospitalization |
21 months |
Reduction in all-cause mortality and hospitalization |
[34] |
Ahmed (2006) Digoxin DIG ancillary |
988 |
EF >45%; mean age: 67; NYHA class I–IV; NSR |
HF hospitalization and HF mortality |
37 months |
No difference in mortality due to cardiovascular causes; no difference in all-cause hospitalizations |
[33] |
Cleland (2006) Perindopril (PEP-CHF) |
850 |
EF >40%; median age 75; diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography; prior hospitalization due to cardiac causes; serum creatinine <200 µmol/l |
Composite all-cause mortality, hospitalization for HF |
26 months |
Reduced hospitalizations, improved exercise tolerance; improved NYHA class; neutral results for all-cause mortality |
[57] |
Massie (2008) Irbesartan (I-PRESERVE) |
4128 |
EF >45%; mean age: 72; NYHA class II–IV; prior hospitalization with HF |
Primary: all-cause death or hospitalization from cardiovascular cause Secondary: death from HF or hospitalization for HF, death from any cause and from cardiovascular causes, and quality of life |
49.5 months |
No significant difference |
[58] |
Yip (2008) Ramipril (Hong kong DHF) |
151 |
EF >45%; mean age: 74; NYHA class II–IV; on diuretics; recent HF |
Quality of life, exercise tolerance and hospital admissions |
52 weeks |
No significant difference |
[59] |
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