Abstract and Introduction
Introduction
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are ectoparasites, meaning that they live on or within the skin rather than inside the body. Annually, approximately 6 to 12 million U.S. children aged 3 to 11 years become infested with head lice.[1] Lice infestations are a substantial economic burden on the health care system. Although difficult to assess, the annual direct and indirect costs of infestations, including treatment, lost wages, and school-system expenses, are estimated to be $1 billion.[2,3]
Preschool-age and school-age children are most commonly infested, with household members also at increased risk.[2] Not only is lice infestation a nuisance, but if it is left untreated, it may result in a secondary bacterial infection. Infestation has nothing to do with hygiene practices or hair length, nor do lice transmit disease.[2] Despite these facts, the social stigma, embarrassment, and anxiety resulting from infestation can be considerable for both the child and the parent(s).[2,4]
US Pharmacist © 2012 Jobson Publishing
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