Increasing Incidence and Prevalence of the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases With Time, Based on Systematic Review

Natalie A. Molodecky; Ing Shian Soon; Doreen M. Rabi; William A. Ghali; Mollie Ferris; Greg Chernoff; Eric I. Benchimol; Remo Panaccione; Subrata Ghosh; Herman W. Barkema; Gilaad G. Kaplan

Disclosures

Gastroenterology. 2012;142(1):46-54.

Abstract and Introduction

Abstract

Background & Aims: We conducted a systematic review to determine changes in the worldwide incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in different regions and with time.
Methods: We performed a systematic literature search of MEDLINE (1950–2010; 8103 citations) and EMBASE (1980–2010; 4975 citations) to identify studies that were population based, included data that could be used to calculate incidence and prevalence, and reported separate data on UC and/or CD in full manuscripts (n = 260). We evaluated data from 167 studies from Europe (1930–2008), 52 studies from Asia and the Middle East (1950–2008), and 27 studies from North America (1920–2004). Maps were used to present worldwide differences in the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); time trends were determined using joinpoint regression.
Results: The highest annual incidence of UC was 24.3 per 100,000 person-years in Europe, 6.3 per 100,000 person-years in Asia and the Middle East, and 19.2 per 100,000 person-years in North America. The highest annual incidence of CD was 12.7 per 100,000 person-years in Europe, 5.0 person-years in Asia and the Middle East, and 20.2 per 100,000 person-years in North America. The highest reported prevalence values for IBD were in Europe (UC, 505 per 100,000 persons; CD, 322 per 100,000 persons) and North America (UC, 249 per 100,000 persons; CD, 319 per 100,000 persons). In time-trend analyses, 75% of CD studies and 60% of UC studies had an increasing incidence of statistical significance (P < .05).
Conclusions: Although there are few epidemiologic data from developing countries, the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing with time and in different regions around the world, indicating its emergence as a global disease.

Introduction

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), consisting of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to environmental risk factors.^[1–3] The etiology of IBD has been extensively studied in the past few decades;^[3] however, disease pathogenesis is not fully understood.^[1,4] Considerable variation in the epidemiology of IBD has been observed around the world, with a wide range of estimates both within and between geographic regions. IBD is believed to be associated with industrialization of nations, with the highest incidence rates and prevalence of IBD in North America and Europe.^[5] The incidence of IBD may be rising in developing nations as they have become industrialized.^[6,7] However, population-based epidemiologic data of IBD collected in a standardized fashion in developing nations are sparse. Several studies have reported that the incidence of IBD has increased markedly over the latter part of the 20th century,^[8,9] while other studies have suggested a plateau or even decline in incidence in certain geographic regions.^[8,9]

To properly interpret the incidence or prevalence data and evaluate time trends, a systematic review of all population-based studies that describes the incidence and/or prevalence of IBD is needed. Insight into the worldwide epidemiology of IBD is important for the identification of geographic patterns and time trends. This information may help researchers study environmental risk factors of IBD, describe the burden of IBD, assist with international health resource utilization planning, and direct research initiatives in countries lacking incidence data on IBD. The objectives of our study were to conduct a systematic review of the worldwide incidence and prevalence of UC and CD and to evaluate the change in incidence across different geographic regions and time periods.

1 2 3 4

Next Section

Abstract and Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
References

Table 1. Incidence and Prevalence Ranges Stratified Into Quintiles for CD and UC
Quintile rank (percentile)	CD		UC
Quintile rank (percentile)	Incidence per 100,000	Prevalence per 100,000	Incidence per 100,000	Prevalence per 100,000
0 to 19th (dark blue)	0.0–0.80	0.6–6.75	0.0–1.85	2.42–21.0
20th to 39th (light blue)	0.81–1.94	6.76–25.0	1.86–3.09	21.1–44.3
40th to 59th (green)	1.95–3.76	25.1–48.0	3.10–4.97	44.4–100.9
60th to 80th (yellow)	3.77–6.38	48.1–135.6	4.98–7.71	101.0–198.0
80th to 100th (red)	6.39–29.3	135.7–318.5	7.72–19.2	198.1–298.5

NOTE. Ranges (as denoted by color) correspond to ranking of incidence and/or prevalence in Figure 2 and 3. Quintile ranges were developed from 260 published studies on incidence and/or prevalence of IBD (references in Appendixes 2 and 3).

Appendix 1. Detailed Search Strategy for Systematic Review
MEDLINE search strategy Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/ Colitis, Ulcerative/ Crohn Disease/ Epidemiology/ epidemiolog.tw. (crohn or (ulcerative adj5 colitis) or inflammatory bowel).tw. 1 or 2 or 3 or 6 incidence.mp. or Incidence/ prevalence.mp. or Prevalence/ 4 or 5 or 8 or 9 7 and 10 limit 11 to (comment or editorial or letter) 11 not 12 EMBASE search strategy enteritis/ Crohn disease/ ulcerative colitis/ Epidemiology/ epidemiolog.tw. (inflammatory bowel disease or IBD or crohn or (ulcerative adj5 colitis)).tw. 1 or 2 or 3 or 6 incidence.mp. or Incidence/ prevalence.mp. or Prevalence/ 4 or 5 or 8 or 9 7 and 10 limit 11 to (comment or editorial or letter) 11 not 12

Appendix 2. Summary of Studies Reporting Incidence of UC and/or CD, Stratified by Geographic Region
							Annual average percent change
Lead author	Year	Country	Region	Study period	CD incidence rate (10⁵)	UC incidence rate (10⁵)	CD	UC
North America
Lowe AM¹	2009	Canada	Quebec	1998–2000	20.2
Bernstein CN²	1999	Canada	Manitoba	1984–1995	14.6	14.3
Blanchard JF³	2001	Canada	Manitoba	1987–1996	15.6	15.6
Green C⁴	2006	Canada	Manitoba	1990–2001	14.83	13.45	-0.2	-2.0
Pinchbeck BR⁵	1988	Canada	Alberta	1966–1981	6.56	3.31	9.2^a	10.7^a
Bernstein CN⁶	2006	Canada	Canada	1998–2000	13.4	11.8
			British Columbia		8.8	9.9
			Alberta		16.5	11.0
			Saskatchewan		13.5	10.4
			Manitoba		15.4	15.4
			Nova Scotia		20.2	19.2
Loftus CG⁷	2007	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1940–2000	6.3^b	8.1^b	2.1^a	2.4^a
				1990–2000	7.9 (6.3, 9.5)	8.8 (7.2, 10.5)
Gollop JH⁸	1988	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1943–1982	4.0		4.7^a
Loftus EV⁹	2000	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1940–1993		7.6	3.1^a	2.2
Loftus EV¹⁰	1998	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1940–1993	5.8 (5.0, 6.5)
Sedlack RE¹¹	1980	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1935–1975	4.2		5.1^a
Sedlack RE¹²	1972	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1935–1964	2.1	3.4	-2.1	2.8
Calkins BM¹³	1984	United States	Baltimore	1977–1979	2.8	1.83
Garland CF^13c	1984	United States	Baltimore	1973	3.01	3.16
Monk M¹⁴	1968	United States	Baltimore	1960–1963	3.32	7.05
Kurata JH¹⁵	1992	United States	Fontana and Sunset, California	1982–1988	3.6
Herrinton LJ¹⁶	2008	United States	Northern California	1996–2002	6.3 (5.6, 7.0)	12.0 (11.0, 13.0)
Garland CF¹⁷	1981	United States	Total	1973	2.38 (1.4, 3.36)	3.52 (2.32, 4.72)
			Portland, Maine		4.87 (-0.45, 10.2)	6.50 (0.012, 7.70)
			Bridgeport		4.07 (0.80, 7.34)	0.64 (-0.61, 1.89)
			Ithaca, New York		1.23 (-1.18, 2.46)	0
			York, Pennsylvania		0	3.63 (-1.58, 8.84)
			Lansing, Michigan		4.29 (0.51, 8.07)	2.25 (-0.34, 4.84)
			Topeka, Kansas		1.89 (-0.74, 4.52)	4.97 (0.99, 8.95)
			Winona, Minnesota		2.70 (-2.57, 7.97)	8.09 (-3.87, 20.0)
			Clarksville, Tennessee		4.84 (-4.65, 14.33)	0
			Maryville, Tennessee		0	14.3 (-5.52, 34.1)
			Eunice, Louisiana		0	0
			Albuquerque, New Mexico		0.82 (-0.32, 1.96)	3.09 (0.58, 5.60)
			Boulder, Colorado		0.67 (-0.64, 1.98)	6.38 (-1.05, 13.81)
			Banning, California		0	4.19 (-4.0, 12.38)
			Eureka, California		0	4.76 (-4.57, 14.09)
			Medford, Oregon		3.76 (-3.59, 5.07)	3.72 (-3.57, 11.01)
Nunes GC¹⁸	1983	United States	Spokane	1971–1981	7.3
Stowe SP¹⁹	1990	United States	Rochester, New York	1920–1989	2.33	1.55	4.6^a	5.0^a
Stonnington CM²⁰	1987	United States	Rochester, Minnesota	1960–1979		15.0
Spencer RJ²¹	1974	United States	Rochester, Minnesota	1935–1964		11.6
Ognubi²²	1998	United States	Georgia	1986–1995	8.8
Appleyard CB²³	2004	Puerto Rico	Southwestern	1996–2000	1.18	2.50
Edwards CN²⁴	2008	Barbados	Nationwide	1980–2004	0.7 (0.51, 0.95)	1.85 (1.53, 2.22)	1.4	1.1
South America
Victoria CR²⁵	2009	Brazil	São Paulo	1986–2005	1.48	3.96
Souza MHLP²⁶	2002	Brazil	Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo	1980–1999	2.55	2.43	4.0	0.2
Linares de la Cal JA²⁷	1999	Panama	District of Colon	1987–1993	0	1.2
		Argentina	Partido General Pueyrredon	1987–1993	0.06	2.17
Asia and the Middle East
Lok KH²⁸	2007	China	Hong Kong	1991–1906	0.19		4.9^a	-0.1
Leong RWL²⁹	2004	China	Hong Kong	1986–2001	0.6	0.87	10.8^a	6.3^a
Lok KH³⁰	2008	China	Hong Kong	1997–2006		0.59
Lai CL³¹	1985	China	Hong Kong	1966–1980		0.11		3.8
Chow DKL³²	2009	China	Hong Kong	2006		2.1 (1.1, 3.7)
Zheng JJ³³	2005	China	Nationwide	1950–2002	0.28
Zheng³⁴	2010	China	Nationwide	1950–2007	0.85
Niv Y³⁵	1990	Israel	Upper Galilee	1967–1986		2.33
Fireman Z³⁶	1989	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970–1980	1.55		14.3^a
Grossman A³⁷	1989	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970–1980		3.86		4.7^a
Gilat T³⁸	1974	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1961–1970		3.66		1.2
Rozen P³⁹	1979	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970–1976	1.28
Odes HS⁴⁰	1994	Israel	Southern Israel	1968–1992	4.2
Odes HS⁴¹	1987	Israel	Southern Israel	1961–1985		2.98 (2.42, 3.54)
Shapira M⁴²	1998	Israel	Kinneret Subdistrict	1965–1994		3.5		5.5
Shapira M⁴³	1994	Israel	Kinneret Subdistrict	1960–1990	1.96		5.8^a
Odes HS⁴⁴	1987	Israel	Beer Sheva	1961–1985		2.87 (2.31, 3.42)		7.5^a
Krawiec J⁴⁵	1984	Israel	Beer Sheva	1961–1980	1.1		9.7
Jacobsohn WZ⁴⁶	1986	Israel	Jerusalem	1973–1978		6.3
Niv Y⁴⁷	1999	Israel	Kibbutz residents	1987–1997	5.0
Niv Y⁴⁸	2000	Israel	Kibbutz residents	1987–1997		5.04
Odes HS⁴⁹	1989	Israel	Beer Sheva	1979–1987	2.1	5.4
Sood A⁵⁰	2003	India	Punjab	1999–2000		6.02 (1.2, 17.6)
Abdul-Baki H⁵¹	2007	Lebanon	Nationwide	2000–2004	1.4	4.1
Utsunomiya T⁵²	1983	Japan	Nationwide	1955–1980		0.16		9.1^a
Morita N⁵³	1995	Japan	Nationwide	1991	0.51	1.95
Yoshida Y⁵⁴	1990	Japan	Nationwide	1965–1979	0.40	0.28
Kitahora T⁵⁵	1995	Japan	Nationwide	1960–1985		0.28		10.0^a
Yao T⁵⁶	2000	Japan	Nationwide	1986–1998	0.9		7.2^a
Yang SK⁵⁷	2000	South Korea	Songpa-Kangdong, Seoul	1986–1997		0.68		18.1^a
Yang SK⁵⁸	2008	South Korea	Songpa-Kangdong, Seoul	1986–2005	0.53 (0.44, 0.62)	1.51 (1.34, 1.67)	21.4^a	14.4^a
Al-Ghamdi AS⁵⁹	2004	Saudi Arabia	Riyadh	1983–2002	0.94
Lee SK⁶⁰	1974	Singapore	Nationwide (Chinese)	1965–1970	0.04
Fung WP⁶¹	1971	Singapore	Nationwide (Chinese and Indians)	1956–1970		0.11
Niriella MA⁶²	2010	Sri Lanka	Colombo and Gampaha	2007–2008	0.09 [0.002–0.18]	0.69 [0.44–0.94]
Wei S-C⁶³	2009	Taiwan	Nationwide	1988–2008	2
Tozun N⁶⁴	2009	Turkey	Nationwide	2000–2003	2.2	4.4
Tezel A⁶⁵	2003	Turkey	Trakya	1998–2001		0.77
Radhakrishnan S⁶⁶	1997	Oman	Nationwide	1987–1994		1.35
Al-Shamali M⁶⁷	2003	Kuwait	Nationwide	1985–1999		2.8 (1.7, 4.1)		0.3
Al-Nakib⁶⁸	1984	Kuwait	Nationwide	1977–1982	0.45	2.27
Europe^d
Shivananda S⁶⁹	1996	Europe		1991–1993	5.0	9.8
		Iceland	Reykjavik		8.2	24.3
		Norway	Oslo		6.9	15.6
		Denmark	Copenhagen		6.6	10
		Ireland	Dublin		5.9	14.8
		United Kingdom	Leicester (nonimmigrants)		3.2	9.2
		United Kingdom	Leicester (immigrants)		4.7	15.1
		The Netherlands	Maastricht		7.7	13.1
		Germany	Essen		3.5	4.3
		France	Amiens		8.1	5.6
		Italy	Milan-Varese		3.2	10
		Italy	Crema-Cremona		2.7	7.5
		Italy	Reggio Emilia		4	7.5
		Italy	Florence		2.7	8.1
		Italy	Palermo, Sicily		5.8	8.5
		Spain	Vigo		4.8	7
		Spain	Sabadell		4.9	9
		Portugal	Braga		3.7	5.5
		Portugal	Almada		2.3	1.7
		Greece	Northwest Greece (Ioannina)		1	8.5
		Greece	Heraklion, Crete		3.9	16.6
		Israel	Beer Sheva		4.3	8.5
Northern Europe
Bonnevie O⁷⁰	1968	Denmark	Copenhagen and Gentofte	1961–1967		7.3
Langholz E⁷¹	1991	Denmark	Copenhagen	1962–1987		8.1		1.4
Munkholm P^72,73	1992	Denmark	Copenhagen	1979–1987	4.1		10.2^a
Vind I⁷⁴	2006	Denmark	Copenhagen	2003–2005	8.6 (7.5, 9.8)	13.4 (11.9, 14.9)
Binder V⁷⁵	1982	Denmark	Copenhagen	1962–1978	1.9	8.1	12.3^a	1.1
Jacobsen BA⁷⁶	2006	Denmark	North Jutland	1978–2002	6.73	12.16	4.9^a	4.0^a
Fonager K⁷⁷	1997	Denmark	Nationwide	1981–1992	4.6	13.2	3.4^a	-2.1^a
Berner J⁷⁸	1986	Faroe Islands	Nationwide	1964–1983	1.94	7.8		9.5^a
Roin F⁷⁹	1989	Faroe Islands	Nationwide	1981–1988	3.6	20.3
Salupere R⁸⁰	2001	Estonia	Tartu County	1993–1998	1.4	1.7
Linden G⁸¹	1971	Finland	Nationwide	1967		4.8
Moller C⁸²	1971	Finland	Nationwide	1956–1967		0.93		4.4^a
Halme L⁸³	1989	Finland	Helsinki	1975–1985	2.3		11.4^a
Manninen P⁸⁴	2010	Finland	Tampere	1986–1999	7.2	16.5
Björnsson S⁸⁵	2000	Iceland	Nationwide	1990–1994	5.5	16.5
Björnsson S⁸⁶	1998	Iceland	Nationwide	1980–1989	3.1	11.7
Bjornsson S⁸⁷	1983	Iceland	Nationwide	1950–1979		4.97		4.9^a
Bjornsson S⁸⁸	1989	Iceland	Nationwide	1950–1979	0.6	5.0	4.5^a	5.0^a
Romberg-Camps MJL⁸⁹	2008	The Netherlands	South Limburg	1991–2003	6.21	7.72	-1.8	-5.1^a
Russel MG⁹⁰	1998	The Netherlands	South Limburg	1991–1994	6.9 (5.9, 7.9)	10 (8.7, 11.2)
Shivananda S⁹¹	1987	The Netherlands	Leiden	1979–1983	3.9
Shivananda S⁹²	1987	The Netherlands	Leiden	1979–1983		6.8
Haug K⁹³	1989	Norway	Western Norway	1984–1985	5.3
Haug K⁹⁴	1988	Norway	Western Norway	1984–1985		14.8
Kildebo S⁹⁵	1989	Norway	Total Northern region	1983–1986	5.8
			Nordland		3.9
			Troms		5.4
			Finnmark		6.7
Kildebo S⁹⁶	1990	Norway	Total Northern region	1983–1986		13.2
			Nordland			13.5
			Troms			12.1
			Finnmark			11.6
Myren J⁹⁷	1971	Norway	Nationwide	1964–1969	1.05	3.29
Moum B⁹⁸	1996	Norway	Southeast	1990–1993		13.6
Moum B⁹⁹	1996	Norway	Southeast	1990–1993	5.8
Bengtson MB¹⁰⁰	2009	Norway	Southeast (Oslo)	1990–1993	6	12.8
Moum B¹⁰¹	1995	Norway	Southeast	1990	5.1	10.6
Brahme F¹⁰²	1975	Sweden	Malmo	1958–1973	4.8		6.4^a
Stewenius J¹⁰³	1994	Sweden	Malmo	1958–1982		6.3		4.7^a
Ekbom A¹⁰⁴	1991	Sweden	Uppsala Health Care Region	1965–1983	6.1	10.4	-0.5	3.1^a
Bergman L¹⁰⁵	1975	Sweden Uppsala and Västmanland	1968–1973	5.0
Norlen BJ¹⁰⁶	1970	Sweden	Uppsala and Västmanland	1956–1967	2.5		11.6^a
Lapidus A¹⁰⁷	1997	Sweden	Stockholm	1955–1989	3.7		3.8^a
Nordenvall B¹⁰⁸	1985	Sweden	Stockholm	1955–1979		1.7		4.4^a
Lapidus A¹⁰⁹	2006	Sweden	Stockholm	1990–2001	8.3		2.1
Nyhlin H¹¹⁰	1986	Sweden	Umea	1974–1981	4.97
			Northern Sweden	1974–1981	4.45
Lindberg E¹¹¹	1991	Sweden	Örebro Medical Center Hospital catchment area	1963–1987	6.1		1.7^a
Tysk C¹¹²	1992	Sweden	Orebro	1963–1987		13.1		5.5^a
Ronnblom A¹¹³	2010	Sweden	Uppsala	1945		2.0
				2005–2007		17.5
Keighley A¹¹⁴	1976	United Kingdom	Nottingham	1958–1973	2.33
Smith IS¹¹⁵	1975	United Kingdom	Clydesdale, Scotland	1961–1970	3.12
Kyle J¹¹⁶	1971	United Kingdom	Aberdeen	1955–1968	1.98
Yapp TR¹¹⁷	2000	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1930–1995	3.29b
				1991–1995	5.6 (4.4,6.8)
Thomas GA¹¹⁸	1995	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1931–1990	3.24b		5.2^a
				1986–1990	5.9 (4.7, 7.3)
Srivastava ED¹¹⁹	1992	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1968–1987		6.3
Mayberry J¹²⁰	1979	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1934–1977	1.73		8.1^a
Gunesh S¹²¹	2008	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1931–2005	3.79 (3.01, 4.86)		3.9^a
Rubin GP¹²²	2000	United Kingdom	North Tees	1990–1994	8.3 (3.4, 13.2)	13.9 (7.5, 20.3)
Devlin HB¹²³	1980	United Kingdom	Stockton on Tees	1971–1977	5.3	10.4
Tsironi E¹²⁴	2004	United Kingdom	Tower Hamlets (Bangledashis)	1981–1989	8.2	2.4
				1997–2001	7.3	2.3
Probert CS¹²⁵	1992	United Kingdom	Tower Hamlets	1972–1989	3.86
Jayanthi V¹²⁶	1992	United Kingdom	Tower Hamlets	1972–1989		4.03
Probert CS¹²⁷	1992	United Kingdom	Leicestershire	1972–1989		6.77
Jayanthi V¹²⁸	1992	United Kingdom	Leicestershire	1972–1989	3.7
Morris T¹²⁹	1984	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1968–1977		7.2		-0.7
Carr I¹³⁰	1999	United Kingdom	Leicester City	1991–1994		9.1
Farrokhyar F¹³¹	2001	United Kingdom	Wolverhampton, Salisbury, and Swindon	1978–1986	4.98	9.20
Fellows IW¹³²	1990	United Kingdom	Derby	1951–1985	3.01		8.4^a
Fellows IW¹³³	1988	United Kingdom	Derby	1976–1985	6.91		0.9
García Rodríguez LA¹³⁴	2005	United Kingdom	Nationwide	1995–1997	8.0	2.0
Kyle J¹³⁵	1980	United Kingdom	Aberdeen	1955–1975	2.94		4.7
Evans JG¹³⁶	1965	United Kingdom	Oxford	1951–1960		6.5 (6.0, 7.0)		9.7^a
De Dombal FT¹³⁷	1971	United Kingdom	Leeds	1963–1968	3.50
Lee FI¹³⁸	1994	United Kingdom	Northwest England	1971–1990	5.8 (5.2, 6.3)		3.2
Lee FI¹³⁹	1985	United Kingdom	Blackpool	1968–1980	4.0		20.3^a
Miller DS¹⁴⁰	1974	United Kingdom	Nottingham	1958–1971	1.99		12.7^a
Tresadern JC¹⁴¹	1973	United Kingdom	Gloucester	1966–1970	1.5
Thompson NP¹⁴²	1998	United Kingdom	England and Wales	1991–1992	10.6
Brown JS¹⁴³	1988	United Kingdom	Northern Ireland	1966–1981	1.82
Kyle J¹⁴⁴	1992	United Kingdom	Northeastern and Northern Isles, Scotland	1955–1988	5.54		6.7^a
Kyle J¹⁴⁵	1965	United Kingdom	Northeast Scotland	1955–1963	1.3
Rose¹⁴⁶	1988	United Kingdom	Wales - Cardiff	1981–1985	8.3 (7–10.1)
Humphreys WG¹⁴⁷	1990	United Kingdom	Northern Ireland	1966–1981	1.83
Seagroatt V¹⁴⁸	2003	United Kingdom	Southern England	1979–1998	5.9	6.1
Mediterranean/Southern Europe
Pavlovic-Calic N¹⁴⁹	2008	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Tuzla	1995–2006	2.3		24.0^a
Salkic NN¹⁵⁰	2010	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Tuzla	1995–2006		3.43 [2.97–3.89]		14.7^a
Jojic N¹⁵¹	2000	Serbia	Zvezdara, Belgrade	1988–1998	1.84	1.31
Jovanovic Z¹⁵²	1999	Croatia	Rijeka and Istra	1973–1994	1.52		11.4^a
Sincic BM¹⁵³	2006	Croatia	Primorsko-goranska County	2000-2004	6.5 (5.3, 7.8)	4.6 (3.5, 5.7)
Vucelic B¹⁵⁴	1991	Croatia	Zagreb	1980-1989		1.5 (0.8, 2.2)		-2.8
Vucelic B¹⁵⁵	1991	Croatia	Zagreb	1980-1989	0.7 (0.2, 1.2)		3.7
Saro Gismera C¹⁵⁶	2003	Spain	Liege, Asturias	1954-1997	2.08 (0.76, 3.39)	2.84 (1.30, 4.37)
Saro Gismera C¹⁵⁷	2000	Spain	Gijon, Asturias	1954-1997	2.33 (0.34, 4.32)	3.14 (0.83, 5.45)
Martinez G¹⁵⁸	1983	Spain	Asturias	1965-1980	0.49		9.4^a
Sebastian Domingo JJ¹⁵⁹	1989	Spain	Madrid	1983-1988	1.3	2.37
Pajares Garcia JM¹⁶⁰	1987	Spain	Madrid	1976-1983	0.51
Mate-Jimenez J¹⁶¹	1994	Spain	Madrid	1981-1988	1.61	3.16
Garrido A¹⁶²	2004	Spain	Huelva	1996-2003	6.6	5.2
Lopez-Serrano¹⁶³	2009	Spain	Madrid	1998-2005	7.3	7.1
Ruiz V¹⁶⁴	1989	Spain	Galicia	1976-1982	0.82
Ruiz Ochoa V¹⁶⁵	1984	Spain	Galicia	1976-1983	0.8
Rivera Irigoin R¹⁶⁶	2007	Spain	Costa del Sol	2000-2001		7.26
Sola Lamoglia R¹⁶⁷	1992	Spain	Cataluna (Barcelona and Gerona)	1978-1987	0.4	0.6
Martinez Sabater A¹⁶⁸	2005	Spain	La Safor (Valencia)	1994-2003		7.8
Arin Letamendia A¹⁶⁹	1999	Spain	Pamplona	1983-1993	2.47 (1.51,3.43)	3.71 (2.25, 5.25)
Brullet E¹⁷⁰	1998	Spain	Total	1991-1993	5.5	8.0 (6.3, 9.7)
			Sabadell		5.2 (2.2, 8)	9.8 (5.8, 13.7)
			Vigo		5.0 (2.7, 7.2)	7.7 (4.7, 10.6)
			Mallorca		5.8 (3.4, 8.3)	7.8 (5, 10.7)
			Motril		6.5 (1, 12)	4.3 (0, 8.8)
Brullet E¹⁷¹	1991	Spain	Sabadell	1985-1989		5.26
Alonso P¹⁷²	1992	Spain	Soria	1981-1990	1.3	3.2
Monferrer Guardiola R¹⁷³	1999	Spain	Castellon	1992-1996	1.9	6.8
Martinez-Salmeron JF¹⁷⁴	1993	Spain	Granada	1979-1988	0.9	2.0	6.1^a	13.5^a
Hinojosa J¹⁷⁵	1990	Spain	Sagunto	1983-1989	3.1	4.0
Yanguela JM¹⁷⁶	1991	Spain		1975-1990	0.7	2.5
Garcia-Cano Lizcano J¹⁷⁷	1994	Spain	Cuenca	1986-1993	1.3	3.4
Cella Lanau J¹⁷⁸	1995	Spain	Aragon	1975-1992	1.7	2	16.0^a	12.8^a
Lopez Miguel C¹⁷⁹	1999	Spain	Aragon	1992-1995	2.86	4.42
Pozzati L¹⁸⁰	2002	Spain	Merida	1996-2000	2.15	5.08
Rodrigo L¹⁸¹	2004	Spain	Oviedo	2000-2002	7.5 (3.8, 11.2)	9.1 (5.0, 13.1)
Arin Letamendia A¹⁸²	2008	Spain	Navarra	2001-2003	5.85 (3.99, 8.14)	9.57 (7.27, 12.57)
Manousos ON¹⁸³	1996	Greece	Heraklion	1990-1994	3.0
Manousos ON¹⁸⁴	1996	Greece	Heraklion	1990-1994		8.9 (7.2, 10.4)
Ladas SD¹⁸⁵	2005	Greece	Trikala	1990-1994		10.2
Tsianos EV¹⁸⁶	1994	Greece	Northwest Greece (Ioannina)	1982-1991	0.3 (0.1, 0.8)	4 (3, 5)		16.0^a
Tsianos EV¹⁸⁷	2003	Greece	Northwest Greece	1982-1997	0.5 (0.4, 0.7)	6.6 (5.3, 6.9)
Tsianos EV¹⁸⁸	2005	Greece	Northwest Greece	1981-1997	0.5 (0.4, 0.7)	4.5 (3.9, 4.8)
Economou M¹⁸⁹	2007	Greece	Northwest Greece (Ioannina)	1983-2005	2.7 [1.7-4.1]	0.9 [0.1-1.7]	1.2^a	8.0^a
Trallori G¹⁹⁰	1991	Italy	Florence	1978-1987	1.5	4.0	9.0^a	14.6^a
Trallori G¹⁹¹	1996	Italy	Florence	1978-1992	2.8	7.7	4.7^a	7.5^a
Lanfranchi GA¹⁹²	1976	Italy	Bologna	1972-1973	1.85	0.75
Tragnone A¹⁹³	1993	Italy	Bologna	1986-1989	2.7	5.0
Cottone M^194,195	1991	Italy	Sicily	1987-1989	2.7
Cottone M¹⁹⁶	2006	Italy	Casteltermini (Sicily)	1979-2002	12.7	5.8	4.0^a	2.6^a
Ranzi T¹⁹⁷	1996	Italy	Lombardia	1990-1993	3.4	7.0
Tragnone A¹⁹⁸	1996	Italy	Total	1989-1992	2.28 (1.98, 2.58)	5.17 (4.71, 5.62)
			Padova		2.37 (1.61, 3.31)	3.79 (2.85, 4.72)
			Modena		2.44 (1.45, 3.43)	3.44 (2.27, 4.61)
			Bologna		2.49 (1.69, 3.30)	4.47 (3.42, 5.51)
			Forli		2.85 (1.80, 3.90)	5.90 (4.39, 7.42)
			Firenze		1.86 (1.15, 2.57)	6.08 (4.82, 7.35)
			L'Aquila		2.45 (1.39, 3.52)	7.17 (5.32, 9.02)
			Avellino		2.30 (1.27, 3.33)	5.14 (3.59, 6.69)
			Messina		1.91 (1.07, 2.75)	7.11 (5.49, 8.74)
Dal Pont E¹⁹⁹	2010	Italy	Northeast (Belluno)	1997-2008	3.4	7.8	3.4	-2.5
Cachia E²⁰⁰	2008	Malta	Nationwide	1993-2005	1.29	7.88	4.0	2.7
Western Europe
Latour P²⁰¹	1998	Belgium	Liege	1993-1996	4.5	3.6
Latour P²⁰²	1996	Belgium	Liege	1993-1994	5.5	3.5
Van Gossum A²⁰³	1996	Belgium	Brussels	1992-1993	3.7	3.0
Piront P²⁰⁴	2002	Belgium	Liege	1993-1996	4.8	3.4
				(<60 years)
				1993-1996	3.45	4.5
				(>60 years)
Colombel JF²⁰⁵	1990	France	Nord-Pas de Calais region	1988	6.3	4.6
Flamenbaum M²⁰⁶	1997	France	Puy-de-Dome county	1993-1994	5.7	1.9
Gower-Rousseau C²⁰⁷	1994	France	Northern France	1988-1990	4.9	3.2
Molinie F²⁰⁸	2004	France	Northern France	1988-1999	5.8 (5.6, 6.0)	4.0 (3.8, 4.1)	2.1^a	-2.2^a
Abakar-Mahamat A²⁰⁹	2007	France	Corsica	2002-2003	4.05	9.5
Nerich V²¹⁰	2006	France	Metropolitan France	2000-2002	8.2	7.2
Pagenault M²¹¹	1997	France	Brittany	1994-1995	2.8	2.9
Edouard A²¹²	2005	France	Guadeloupe and Martinique	1997-1999	1.85	2.23
Colombel JF²¹³	1989	France	Nord-Pas-de-Calais	1988	4.23	2.96
Loffler A²¹⁴	1993	Germany	Cologne	1985-1986	5.1
Goebell H²¹⁵	1994	Germany	Total	1980-1984	4.0
			Essen		3.5
			Mulheim		5.9
			Duisburg		3.8
			Oberhausen		4.2
Daiss W²¹⁶	1989	Germany	Tubingen	1970-1984	3.12	1.32	8.1^a	7.2^a
Dirks E²¹⁷	1994	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984		2.9
Timmer A²¹⁸	1999	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984		2.4 (1.8, 3.0)
				1991-1995		3.0 (2.4, 3.7)
Timmer A²¹⁹	1999	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984	4.9 (4.2, 5.6)
				1991-1995	5.2 (4.4, 6.1)
Brandes JW²²⁰	1983	Germany	Marburg/Lahn, Western	1964-1975	3.0
			Germany
				1962-1973		5.08
Ott C²²¹	2008	Germany	Oberpfalz	2004-2006	6.6 (5.6,7.7)	3.9
Fahrlander H²²²	1971	Switzerland	Basle	1960-1969	1.6
Eastern Europe
Bitter J²²³	1980	Czech	North Bohemia	1978		1.3
Lakatos L²²⁴	2004	Hungary	Veszprem Province	1977-2001	2.23 (0.5, 3.96)	5.89 (2.15, 9.63)	11.1^a	8.9^a
Lakatos L²²⁵	2009	Hungary	Western	2002-2006	8.87
Prikazska M²²⁶	1996	Slovakia	Nationwide	1994	6.75
Chojecki Z²²⁷	1964	Poland	First Medical Clinic, Warsaw Medical Academy	1951-1960	0.66
Gheorghe L²²⁸	1997	Romania	Bucharest	1990-1997	0.42
Gheorghe C²²⁹	2004	Romania	National	2002-2003	0.50	0.97
			Northeast		0.39	0.76
			Southeast		0.50	0.82
			South		0.38	0.76
			Southwest		0.44	1.05
			West		0.58	1.10
			Northwest		0.42	1.13
			Centre		0.55	0.86
			Bucharest		0.88	1.49
Africa
Wright JP²³⁰	1983	South Africa	Cape Town	1970-1979	1.14		23.3^a
Wright JP²³¹	1983	South Africa	Cape Town	1970-1979		1.96	4.6^a
Wright JP²³²	1986	South Africa	Cape Town	1980-1984	1.79	2.63
Novis²³³	1975	South Africa	Cape Town	1970-1974	0.5
Rajput HI²³⁴	1992	South Africa	Durban (Indian population)	1983-1987		2.7
Australia and New Zealand
Anseline PF²³⁵	1995	Australia	Hunter Valley	1967-1988	1.38
Wilson J²³⁶	2010	Australia	Geelong, Victoria	2007-2008	29.3 (23.5-36.7)	17.4 (13.0-23.2)
Eason RJ²³⁷	1982	New Zealand	Auckland (Caucasian)	1969-1978	1.75	5.5
Schlup M²³⁸	1986	New Zealand	Dunedin	1972-1981	2.4
Gearry RB²³⁹	2006	New Zealand	Canterbury	2004-2005	16.5	7.6

NOTE. Annual average percent change in incidence for IBD studies that reported incidence rates for periods spanning at least 10 years. 95% Confidence Intervals are in the parentheses.
^aStatistically significant (ie, P < .05) for time-trend analysis.
^bStudy incorporates previous data and provides update.
^cReference from Calkins.¹³
^dStudy contains data from many regions within Europe and can therefore not be stratified further.

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Appendix 3. Summary of Studies Reporting Prevalence of UC and/or CD, Stratified by Geographic Region
Lead author	Year	Country	Region	Study period	CD prevalence (10⁵)	UC prevalence (10⁵)
North America
Lowe AM¹	2009	Canada	Quebec	1993-2002	189.7
Bernstein CN²	1999	Canada	Manitoba	1994	198.5	169.7
Green C³	2006	Canada	Manitoba	1990-2001	222.2	197.9
Pinchbeck BR⁴	1988	Canada	Alberta	1981	44.4	37.5
Bernstein CN⁵	2006	Canada	Canada	1998-2000	279.2	193.7
			British Columbia	1998-2000	233.7	162.1
			Alberta	1998-2000	160.7	185
			Saskatchewan	1998-2000	263.8	234.3
			Manitoba	1998-2000	271.4	248.6
			Nova Scotia	1998-2000	318.5	247.9
Loftus CG⁶	2007	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	2001	213.9	213.9
Gollop JH⁷	1988	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1980	90.5
Loftus EV⁸	2000	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1991		229
Loftus EV⁹	1998	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1991	132.7
Sedlack RE¹⁰	1980	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1975	105.7
Sedlack RE¹¹	1972	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1965	28	117
Stonnington CM¹²	1987	United States	Rochester, Minnesota	1979		225.2
Kurata JH¹³	1992	United States	Fontana and Sunset, California	1984-1988	25.9
Herrinton LJ¹⁴	2008	United States	Northern California	2002	96.3	155.8
Herrinton LJ¹⁵	2007	United States	Nationwide	1999-2001	129	191
Kappelman MD¹⁶	2007	United States	Nationwide	2003-2004	201 (197-204)	238 (234-241)
Appleyard CB¹⁷	2004	Puerto Rico	Southwestern	1996-2000	41.4	12.5
Edwards CN¹⁸	2008	Barbados	Nationwide	2004	16.7	44.3
South America
Sobrero JM¹⁹	2009	Argentina	Nationwide	2009	15.0(9.8-22.7)	76.1 (63.2-91.6)
Asia and Middle East
Lok KH²⁰	2007	China	Hong Kong	1991-2006	1.5
Lok KH²¹	2008	China	Hong Kong	2006		7.0
Sung JJ²²	1994	China	Hong Kong	1992	1.25
Chow DKL²³	2009	China	Hong Kong	1985-2006		26.5(22.6-30.9)
Zheng JJ²⁴	2005	China	Nationwide	1950-2002	1.38
Zheng²⁵	2010	China	Nationwide	1950-2007	1.13
Niv Y²⁶	1990	Israel	Upper Galilee	1986		44.58
Fireman Z²⁷	1989	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970-1980	13.28
Grossman A²⁸	1989	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1980		55.16
Gilat T²⁹	1974	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970		37.4
Rozen P³⁰	1979	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1976	12.31
Odes HS³¹	1994	Israel	Southern Israel	1992	50.6
Shapira M³²	1994	Israel	Kinneret Subdistrict	1960-1990	20.24
Odes HS³³	1987	Israel	Beer Sheva	1985		70.6
Krawiec J³⁴	1984	Israel	Beer Sheva	1980	14.0
Niv Y³⁵	1999	Israel	Kibbutz residents	1987-1997	45.3
Niv Y³⁶	2000	Israel	Kibbutz residents	1987-1997		144.1
Odes HS³⁷	1989	Israel	Beer Sheva	1987	30 (23-38)	89 (77-103)
Niv Y³⁸	1991	Israel	Kibbutz	1987		121.08
Odes HS³⁹	1991	Israel	Southern Israeli (Arab population)	1990	3.2	9.8
Birkenfeld S⁴⁰	2009	Israel	Kibbutz	1987-2007		168.3
Zvidi I⁴¹	2009	Israel	Kibbutz	1987-2007	67.9
Sood A⁴²	2003	India	Punjab	2000		44.3
Abdul-Baki H⁴³	2007	Lebanon	Nationwide	2000-2004	53.1	106.2
Morita N⁴⁴	1995	Japan	Nationwide	1991	5.85	18.12
Yao T⁴⁵	2000	Japan	Nationwide	1986-1998		7.6
Higashi A⁴⁶	1988	Japan	Nationwide	1985	1.86	7.85
Asakura K⁴⁷	2009	Japan	Nationwide	2003-2005	18.6	57.3
Yoshida Y⁴⁸	1990	Japan	Nationwide	1975	0.88	5.5
Yang SK⁴⁹	2000	South Korea	Songpa-Kangdong, Seoul	1997		7.57 (5.95-9.19)
Yang SK⁵⁰	2008	Korea	Songpa-Kangdong District, Seoul	2005	11.24	30.87
Tan Y-M⁵¹	2005	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	1985-1998		9.11
Lee YM⁵²	2000	Singapore	Nationwide	1985-1996	3.6	6
Tan CC⁵³	1992	Singapore	Nationwide	1981-1990	1.3	8.6
Law N-M⁵⁴	1998	Singapore	Nationwide - Chinese Singaporeans	1986-1993	15.1
Niriella MA⁵⁵	2010	Sri Lanka	Colombo and Gampaha	2007-2008	1.2 (1.0-1.4)	5.3 (5.0-5.6)
Tezel A⁵⁶	2003	Turkey	Trakya	2002		4.9
Al-Shamali M⁵⁷	2003	Kuwait	Nationwide	1985-1999		41.7
Northern Europe
Bonnevie O⁵⁸	1968	Denmark	Copenhagen and Gentofte	1967		44.1
Langholz E⁵⁹	1991	Denmark	Copenhagen	1987		161.2
Munkholm P^60,61	1992	Denmark	Copenhagen	1987	54
Jacobsen BA⁶²	2006	Denmark	North Jutland	2002	151	294
Binder V⁶³	1982	Denmark	Copenhagen	1978	34	117
Berner J⁶⁴	1986	Faroe Islands	Nationwide	1983	31.8	157.3
Manninen P⁶⁵	2010	Finland	Tampere	1986-1999	82	205
Bjornsson S⁶⁶	1983	Iceland	Nationwide	1950-1979		52.6
Bjornsson S⁶⁷	1989	Iceland	Nationwide	1950-1979	6	72
Shivananda S⁶⁸	1987	The Netherlands	Leiden	1979-1983	48
Shivananda S⁶⁹	1987	The Netherlands	Leiden	1979-1983	48	58.4
Haug K⁷⁰	1988	Norway	Western Norway (Sogn and Fjordane, Hordaland, and Rogaland )	1984-1985		92
Bengtson MB⁷¹	2009	Norway	Southeast (Oslo)	1990-1993	262 (196-328)	505 (420-599)
Brahme F⁷²	1975	Sweden	Malmo	1965-1973	48.1
				1968		89
Bergman L⁷³	1975	Sweden	Uppsala and Vastmanland	1967-1973	38.5
Norlen BJ⁷⁴	1970	Sweden	Uppsala and Vastmanland	1967	27
Lapidus A⁷⁵	2006	Sweden	Stockholm	2001	213
Lindberg E⁷⁶	1991	Sweden	Immediate catchment area of Orebro Medical Center Hospital	1987	146
Lindgren A⁷⁷	1996	Sweden	Goteborg	1990	94 (84-104)
Tysk C⁷⁸	1992	Sweden	Orebro	1987		198
Keighley A⁷⁹	1976	United Kingdom	Nottingham	1971	34.99
Evans JG⁸⁰	1965	United Kingdom	Oxford	1960	9	65.7
Rubin GP⁸¹	2000	United Kingdom	North Tees	1994	144.8	243.4
Fellows IW⁸²	1990	United Kingdom	Derby	1985	85
Fellows IW⁸³	1988	United Kingdom	Derby (West Indians)	1986	60.6
De Dombal FT⁸⁴	1971	United Kingdom	Leeds	1968	25
Lee FI⁸⁵	1985	United Kingdom	Blackpool	1980	47
Miller DS⁸⁶	1974	United Kingdom	Nottingham	1958-1971	26.5
Kyle J⁸⁷	1992	United Kingdom	Northeastern and Northern Isles, Scotland	1988	147
Mayberry JF⁸⁸	1980	United Kingdom	Wales Nationwide	1967-1976	40.2
Penny WJ⁸⁹	1985	United Kingdom	Britain and Ireland (Mormons)	1981	79	389
Montgomery SM⁹⁰	1998	United Kingdom	England Nationwide 26 year olds	1996	21.4 (12.3-30.6)	12.2 (5.3-19.2)
Stone MA⁹¹	2003	United Kingdom	Central England (Trent)	2002	130 (107-157)	243 (211-278)
Probert CSJ⁹²	1993	United Kingdom	England - Leicestershire	1990	European 75.8	European 90.8
					South Asian 33.2	South Asian 136.0
					Hindu 31.9	Hindu 151.5
					Sikh 30.8	Sikh 138.4
					Muslim 53.8	Muslim 107.6
Mediterranean/Southern Europe
Pavlovic-Calic N⁹³	2008	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Tuzla	2006	28.2
Salkic NN⁹⁴	2010	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Tuzla	2006		43.1 (37.3-48.8)
Vucelic B⁹⁵	1991	Croatia	Zagreb	1989	8.3
Jovanovic Z⁹⁶	1999	Croatia	Rijeka and Istra	1973-1994	11.5
Azevado LF⁹⁷	2010	Portugal	Nationwide	2003-2007	58	57
Saro Gismera C⁹⁸	2003	Spain	Province of Liege, Asturias	1997	87.45	109.96
Saro Gismera C⁹⁹	2000	Spain	Gijon, Asturias	1997	116.47	121.79
Mate-Jimenez J¹⁰⁰	1994	Spain	Madrid	1988	19.8	43.4
Ruiz Ochoa V¹⁰¹	1984	Spain	Galicia	1982	5.2
Brullet E¹⁰²	1991	Spain	Sabadell	1985-1989		3.95
Alonso P¹⁰³	1992	Spain	Soria	1990	13	32
Martinez-Salmeron	1993	Spain	Granada	1979-1988	9	21
JF¹⁰⁴
Hinojosa J¹⁰⁵	1990	Spain	Sagunto	1983-1989	21.4	28.87
Pajares Garcia	1987	Spain	Madrid	1976-1983	3.5
JM¹⁰⁶
Trallori G¹⁰⁷	1996	Italy	Florence	1992	40	121
Cottone M¹⁰⁸	2006	Italy	Casteltermini (Sicily)	1979-2002	322 (290-383)	142 (117-167)
Dal Pont E¹⁰⁹	2010	Italy	Northeast (Belluno)	2008	45	93
Western Europe
Tsianos EV¹¹⁰	2005	Greece	(Ioannina, Arta, Preveza, Thesprotia, Corfu and Lefkas) Northwest Greece	1981-1997	0.6	4.9
Loffler A¹¹¹	1993	Germany	Cologne	1986	30.67
Goebell H¹¹²	1994	Germany	Total	1984	36
Daiss W¹¹³	1989	Germany	Tubingen	1984	54.6	24.8
Dirks E¹¹⁴	1994	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1984		27.3
Brandes JW¹¹⁵	1983	Germany	Marburg/Lahn, Western Germany	1975 1973	30.5	48.8
Juillerat P¹¹⁶	2008	Switzerland	Vaud	2003-2004	100.7(98.2-103.4)	105.0(102.3-107.7)
Bitter J¹¹⁷	1980	Czech	North Bohemia	1968-1978		17.6
Eastern Europe
Lakatos L¹¹⁸	2004	Hungary	Veszprem Province	1991-2001	35	101
Prikazska M¹¹⁹	1996	Slovakia	Nationwide	1994	6.75
Chojecki Z¹²⁰	1964	Poland	First Medical Clinic, Warsaw Medical Academy	1951-1960	66
Gheorghe C¹²¹	2004	Romania	National	2002-2003	1.51	2.42
Australia and New Zealand
Anseline PF¹²²	1995	Australia	Hunter Valley	1988	34
Gearry RB¹²³	2006	New Zealand	Canterbury	2004	155.2	145

Note: 95% Confidence Intervals are in the parentheses.

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Appendix 4. Summary of Studies Reporting Incidence of UC and/or CD, Stratified by Geographic Region and Including Female to Male Ratio
					CD			UC
Lead author	Year	Country	Region	Study period	Male IR (10⁵)	Female IR (10⁵)	IRR (female/male)	Male IR (10⁵)	Female IR (10⁵)	IRR (female/male)
North America
Lowe AM¹	2009	Canada	Quebec	1998-2000	18.5	27.9	1.51
Bernstein CN²	1999	Canada	Manitoba	1989-1994	12.3	16.9	1.37	14.3	14.4	1.0
Loftus CG³	2007	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1940-2000	6.7	6.1	0.91	9.8	6.5	0.66
Gollop JH⁴	1988	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1943-1982	3.8	4.6	1.21
Sedlack RE⁵	1980	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1935-1975	4.2	4.4	1.05
Kurata JH⁶	1992	United States	Fontana and Sunset, California	1982-1988	6.0	8.3	1.38
Herrinton LJ⁷	2008	United States	Northern California	1996-2002	5.8	6.8	1.17	13.1	10.9	0.83
Stonnington CM⁸	1987	United States	Rochester, Minnesota	1960-1979				18.2	11.9	0.65
Spencer RJ⁹	1974	United States	Rochester, Minnesota	1935-1964				13.2	10.5	0.80
Edwards CN¹⁰	2008	Barbados	Nationwide	1980-2004	0.66	0.85	1.29	1.44	2.2	1.53
Asia and the Middle East
Lok KH¹¹	2007	China	Hong Kong	1991-2006	0.24	0.15	0.63
Leong RWL¹²	2004	China	Hong Kong	1986-2001	1.3	0.6	0.46
Fireman Z¹³	1989	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970-1980	1.82	1.34	0.74
Grossman A¹⁴	1989	Israe	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970-1980				3.94	3.79	0.96
Gilat T¹⁵	1974	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1961-1970				1.94	1.67	0.86
Odes HS¹⁶	1994	Israe	Southern Israel	1968-1992	4.2	6.0	1.43
Morita N¹⁷	1995	Japan	Nationwide	1991	0.71	0.32	0.45	2.23	1.68	0.75
Kitahora T¹⁸	1995	Japan	Nationwide	1960-1985				0.28	0.28	1.0
Yang SK¹⁹	2000	South Korea	Songpa-Kangdong, Seoul	1986-1997				0.66	0.71	1.08
Yang SK²⁰	2008	South Korea	Songpa-Kangdong District, Seoul	1986-2005	0.79	0.27	0.34	1.50	1.51	1.0
Tezel A²¹	2003	Turkey	Trakya	1998-2001				0.92	0.54	0.59
Northern Europe
Bonnevie O²²	1968	Denmark	Copenhagen and Gentofte	1961-1967				6.7	7.6	1.13
Langholz E²³	1991	Denmark	Copenhagen	1962-1987				7.7	8.5	1.10
Munkholm P^24,25	1992	Denmark	Copenhagen	1979-1987	2.11	2.83	1.34
Vind I²⁶	2006	Denmark	Copenhagen	2003-2005	8.6	9.1	1.06	13.4	13.3	0.99
Binder V²⁷	1982	Denmark	Copenhagen	1962-1978	1.42	2.25	1.58	6.96	9.08	1.58
Jacobsen BA²⁸	2006	Denmark	North Jutland	1978-2002	5.22	7.16	1.37	12.08	11.76	0.97
Fonager K²⁹	1997	Denmark	Nationwide	1981-1992	3.7	5.4	1.5	13.0	13.4	1.03
Berner J³⁰	1986	Faroe Islands	Nationwide	1964-1983				8.6	6.5	0.76
Bjornsson S³¹	1983	Iceland	Nationwide	1950-1979				5.4	4.7	0.87
Romberg-Camps MJL³²	2008	The Netherlands	South Limburg	1991-1903	4.84	7.58	1.57	8.51	6.92	0.81
Shivananda S³³	1987	The Netherlands	Leiden	1979-1983	3.8	4.0	1.05
Kildebo S³⁴	1990	Norway	Northern region	1983-1986				15.1	10.4	0.69
Moum B³⁵	1996	Norway	Southeast	1990-1993				14.8	12.1	0.81
Brahme F³⁶	1975	Sweden	Malmo	1958-1973	4.6	5.1	1.11
Stewenius J³⁷	1994	Sweden	Malmo	1958-1982				7.7	4.9	0.64
Bergman L³⁸	1975	Sweden	Uppsala and Vastmanland	1968-1973	4.3	5.7	1.33
Norlen BJ³⁹	1970	Sweden	Uppsala and Vastmanland	1956-1967	2.6	2.4	0.92
Lapidus A⁴⁰	2006	Sweden	Stockholm	1990-2001	8.1	8.6	1.06
Lapidus A⁴¹	1997	Sweden	Stockholm	1955-1989	3.6	3.8	1.06
Smith IS⁴²	1975	United Kingdom	Clydesdale, Scotland	1961-1970	1.2	1.9	1.58
Srivastava ED⁴³	1992	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1968-1987				6.1	6.6	1.08
Rubin GP⁴⁴	2000	United Kingdom	North Tees	1990-1994	8.7	7.8	0.90	15.2	12.5	0.82
Fellows IW⁴⁵	1990	United Kingdom	Derby	1951-1985	13.5	16.6	1.23
Evans JG⁴⁶	1965	United Kingdom	Oxford	1951-1960	0.8	0.8	1.0	4.5	5.9	1.31
Miller DS⁴⁷	1974	United Kingdom	Nottingham	1958-1971	2.5	3.3	1.33	7.8	10.9	1.40
Tresadern JC⁴⁸	1973	United Kingdom	Gloucester	1966-1970	1.61	1.39	0.86
Brown JS⁴⁹	1988	United Kingdom	Northern Ireland	1966-1981	1.47	2.16	1.47
Kyle J⁵⁰	1992	United Kingdom	Northeastern and Northern Isles, Scotland	1955-1988	Urban 5.3 Rural 3.4	Urban 8.1 Rural 5.6	Urban 1.53 Rural 1.65
Humphreys WG⁵¹	1990	United Kingdom	N Ireland	1966-1981	1.57	2.12	1.35
Seagroatt V⁵²	2003	United Kingdom	Southern England	1979-1998	4.6	7.3	1.59	5.9	6.4	1.08
Mediterranean/Southern Europe
Pavlovic-Calic N⁵³	2008	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Tuzla	1995-2006	2.6	2.1	0.81
Salkic NN⁵⁴	2010	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Tuzla	1995-2006				3.91	3.29	1.13
Sincic BM⁵⁵	2006	Croatia	Primorsko-goranska County	2000-2004	7.7	5.4	0.70	4.6	4.5	0.98
Vucelic B⁵⁶	1991	Croatia	Zagreb	1980-1989	3.06	3.49	1.14
Lopez-Serrano⁵⁷	2009	Spain	Madrid	1998-2005	8.0	7.0	0.87	6.3	7.3	1.15
Ruiz Ochoa V⁵⁸	1984	Spain	Galicia	1968-1982	0.58	0.34	0.59
Brullet E⁵⁹	1998	Spain	Total	1991-1993	6.0	5.0	0.83	9.5	6.4	0.67
Lopez Miguel C⁶⁰	1999	Spain	Aragon	1992-1995	15-64	15-64	15-64	15-64	15-64	15-64
					4.6	3.16	0.69	9.2	7.2	0.78
Pozzati L⁶¹	2002	Spain	Merida	1996-2000	2.30	1.99	0.87	6.91	3.18	0.46
Manousos ON⁶²	1996	Greece	Heraklion	1990-1994	4.4	1.7	0.39
Manousos ON⁶³	1996	Greece	Heraklion	1990-1994				12.7	6.5	0.51
Ladas SD⁶⁴	2005	Greece	Trikala	1990-1994				9.3	11.4	1.23
Tsianos EV⁶⁵	1994	Greece	Northwest Greece (Ioannina)	1982-1991				4.6	3.5	0.76
Tsianos EV⁶⁶	2003	Greece	Northwest Greece	1982-1997	6.76	3.80	0.56
Trallori G⁶⁷	1996	Italy	Florence	1978-1992	3.0	2.6	0.87	9.7	5.8	0.60
Cottone M^68,69	1991	Italy	Sicily	1987-1989	3.3	2.3	0.70
Tragnone A⁷⁰	1996	Italy	Nationwide	1989-1992	2.26	2.30	1.02	6.59	3.85	0.58
Cachia E⁷¹	2008	Malta	Nationwide	1993-2005	0.96	1.62	1.69	8.16	7.59	0.93
Western Europe
Flamenbaum M⁷²	1997	France	Puy-de-Dome County	1993-1994	7.4	5.8	0.78	2.4	2.4	1.0
Gower-Rousseau C⁷³	1994	France	Northern France	1988-1990	4.2	5.6	1.33	3.6	2.8	0.78
Molinie F⁷⁴	2004	France	Northern France	1988-1999	5.3	6.4	1.21	4.6	3.4	0.74
Nerich V⁷⁵	2006	France	Metropolitan France	2000-2002	7.1	9.4	1.32	7.7	6.8	0.88
Loffler A⁷⁶	1993	Germany	Cologne	1985-1986	4.3	5.82	1.35
Goebell H⁷⁷	1994	Germany	Essen, Mulheim, Duisburg, Oberhausen	1980-1984	3.6	4.3	1.19
Dirks E⁷⁸	1994	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984				3.5	2.4	0.69
Timmer A⁷⁹	1999	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984				3.0	1.8	0.69
				1991-1995				2.8	3.4	1.21
Timmer A⁸⁰	1999	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984	4.2	5.5	1.31
				1991-1995	4.3	5.9	1.37
Fahrlander H⁸¹	1971	Switzerland	Basle	1960-1969	1.8	1.4	0.78
Eastern Europe
Lakatos L⁸²	2004	Hungary	Veszprem Province	1977-2001	2.31	2.17	0.94	6.19	5.65	0.91

IR, incidence rate.

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Appendix 5. Summary of Studies Reporting Incidence of UC and/or CD, Stratified by Age
						CD			UC
Lead author	Year	Country	Region	Study period	Age (y)	Male IR	Female IR	Total IR	Male IR	Female IR	Total IR
Lowe AM¹	2009	Canada	Quebec	1998–2000	0-19			13.9
					20-29			35.5
					30-39			24.3
					40-54			21.7
					≥55			20.6
Bernstein CN²	1999	Canada	Manitoba	1989–1994	0-9	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.2
					10-19	14.1	11.1	12.7	7.8	5.7	6.7
					20-29	21.1	35.8	28.4	18.9	21.9	20.4
					30-39	14.4	20.9	17.6	18.4	22.1	20.3
					40-49	13.7	20.9	17.3	17.3	18.2	17.7
					50-59	13.5	16.7	15.1	20.2	18.7	19.5
					≥60	8.4	12.4	10.7	19.4	14.2	16.5
Bernstein CN³	2006	Canada	Canada	1998–2000	0-9	2.5	2		1	1.5
					10-19	13	14		6	7.5
					20-29	19	27.5		15.5	17.5
					30-39	15	21		14	16.5
					40-49	12	15		13	13
					50-59	11	14		15	12.5
					60-69	10	14		18	15
					70-79	9.5	10		17	14.5
					≥80	5	9		11	8
			British Columbia		0-9			1			1.5
					10-19			9			5
					20-29			13			14
					30-39			12			12.5
					40-49			9			12.5
					50-59			8			12
					60-69			9			12.5
					70-79			7.5			14.5
					≥80			7.5			10
			Alberta		0-9			2			2
					10-19			16			7
					20-29			28			18
					30-39			23			14
					40-49			17.5			11
					50-59			18			12
					60-69			13			17.5
					70-79			9			14
					≥80			7			3
			Saskatchewan		0-9			1			1
					10-19			14			7.5
					20-29			24			13
					30-39			18			16
					40-49			14			13.5
					50-59			11			13
					60-69			13			9
					70-79			11			10
					≥80			5.5			6
			Manitoba		0-9			1			1
					10-19			13			8
					20-29			32			23
					30-39			22.5			18
					40-49			13			15
					50-59			13			20
					60-69			16			22
					70-79			9			25
					≥80			8			13
			Nova Scotia		0-9			1			1
					10-19			22			10
					20-29			42			22.5
					30-39			24.5			28
					40-49			18			23
					50-59			16			23
					60-69			14.5			32
					70-79			22			23
					≥80			8			18
Loftus CG⁴	2007	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1940–2000	0-19	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	1.3	2.4
					20-29	13	14.2	13.7	16.2	12.1	13.9
					30-39	9.1	7	8	12.4	11.5	12
					40-49	5.7	6.1	5.9	11.4	7.1	9.2
					50-59	5.3	4.1	4.7	13.1	7.2	10.1
					60-69	7.1	4.3	5.6	10	5.5	7.6
					≥70	6.1	4.2	4.9	7	4.7	5.6
Gollop JH⁵	1988	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1943-1982	0-14	1	0.5
					15-24	5.9	9.6
					25-34	5.3	6.7
					35-44	2.5	7.9
					45-54	2.4	2.9
					55-64	2.1	3.6
					≥65	2.1	2.1
Loftus EV⁶	2000	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1940-1993	0-19				2.5	1.1
					20-29				14.1	9.9
					30-39				11.5	11.5
					40-49				12.8	7.8
					50-59				10.2	5.6
					60-69				10.5	4.4
					≥70				6.7	5.3
Loftus EV⁷	1998	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1940-1993	0-19			2.5
					20-29			12.8
					30-39			7.3
					40-49			4.9
					50-59			5.5
					60-69			4
					≥70			4.1
Sedlack RE⁸	1980	United States	Olmsted County, Minnesota	1935-1975	0-19	2	2
					20-29	7	10
					30-49	6	5
					≥50	4	4
Kurata JH⁹	1992	United States	Fontana and Sunset, California	1982-1988	0-9	0	0	0
				(total: 1987-1988)	10-19	5.25	3.75	13.5
					20-29	10.7	12.5	36
					30-39	9.25	9.75	22
					40-49	6.5	9.5	20.5
					50-59	7.5	13	28
					60-69	4.5	13.5	14
					70-79	3	11.5	4
					≥80	8	4.5	0
Herrinton LJ¹⁰	2008	United States	Northern California	1996-2002	0-4	1.2	0.9	1	0.8	0.7	0.7
					5-9	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.9	1.4	1.4
					10-14	5.7	5.2	5.4	2.1	4	3
					15-19	3.9	7.4	5.3	8.2	9.4	8.8
					20-29	8.3	8.1	8.1	15.7	13.4	14.5
					30-39	6.1	7.1	6.6	19.1	15	16.9
					40-49	6	5.5	5.7	13	13.2	13.1
					50-59	6.5	8.3	7.4	21.2	10.9	15.7
					60-69	9.5	9	9.4	21.1	14.4	17.6
					70-89	6.1	12.2	9.4	16.3	14.9	15.5
Stowe SP¹¹	1990	United States	Rochester, New York	1940-1989	0-9			0.13			0.18
					10-19			4.1			1.77
					20-29			5.01			3.38
					30-39			3.44			2.11
					40-49			2.03			1.73
					50-59			1.86			1.73
					60-69			1.94			1.67
					70-79			1.88			1.94
					80-98			1.36			1.75
Stonnington CM¹²	1987	United States	Rochester, Minnesota	1960-1979	0-14				3.4	0	1.7
					15-24				25.7	17.3	20.4
					25-34				26.7	23.4	25
					35-44				18.4	10.7	14.5
					45-54				20.8	12.1	16.1
					55-64				27.4	13.4	19.4
					65-74				9.7	8.5	8.9
					≥75				15	10	11.5
Spencer RJ¹³	1974	United States	Rochester, Minnesota	1935-1964	0-9						3
					10-19						5
					20-29						21
					30-39						17
					40-49						9
					50-59						17
					60-69						14
					≥70						8
Edwards CN¹⁴	2008	Barbados	Nationwide	1980-2004	1-44	0.74	0.77	0.75	1.52	2.17	1.85
					45-64	0.67	1.26	1	2	3.61	2.89
					≥65	0.34	0.23	0.28	0.68	0.92	0.83
Chow DKL¹⁵	2009	China	Hong Kong	1985-2006	15-24						1.2
					25-34						2.6
					35-44						1.5
					45-54						1.6
					55-64						1.5
					≥65						0.7
Fireman Z¹⁶	1989	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970-1980	0-19			0.75
					20-29			2.75
					30-39			1.9
					40-49			1.8
					50-59			1.5
					60-69			2.25
					≥70			2.5
Grossman A¹⁷	1989	Israel	Tel Aviv Jafo	1970-1980	0-19						1
					20-29						6
					30-39						6.75
					40-49						5.25
					50-59						5.5
					60-69						6
					≥70						3.75
Odes HS¹⁸	1994	Israel	Southern Israel	1987-1992	0-19	3	4.3
					20-39	4.8	6.6
					≥40	2.5	3.9
Shapira M¹⁹	1998	Israel	Kinneret Subdistrict	1965-1994	0-14						0
					15-29						4.6
					30-44						7.4
					45-64						6.1
					≥65						5.6
Utsunomiya T²⁰	1983	Japan	Nationwide	1955-1980	0-4				0	0
					5-9				0.01	0.01
					11-14				0.11	0.08
					15-19				0.28	0.2
					20-24				0.32	0.27
					25-29				0.27	0.24
					30-34				0.23	0.23
					35-39				0.18	0.22
					40-44				0.15	0.23
					45-49				0.15	0.19
					50-54				0.12	0.17
					55-59				0.12	0.19
					60-64				0.15	0.16
					65-69				0.1	0.14
					≥70				0.08	0.08
Yang SK²¹	2000	South Korea	Songpa-Kangdong, Seoul	1986-1997	0-9				0.1	0.1
					10-19				0.55	0.6
					20-29				1.1	0.95
					30-39				1	0.9
					40-49				0.5	1.1
					50-59				0.8	1
					60-69				0.6	0.8
					≥70				0	0
Yang SK²²	2008	South Korea	Songpa-Kangdong District, Seoul	1986-2005	0-9	0.01	0.1		0	0.1
					10-19	1.75	0.9		0.9	0.3
					20-29	2	0.6		2.1	2.4
					30-39	0.9	0.5		2.25	2.5
					40-49	0.4	0		1.9	2.4
					50-59	0.1	0		1.6	1.3
					60-69	0.2	0.2		1.75	2
					70-79	0	0.1		0.8	0
					≥80	0	0		0	0
Shivananda S²³	1996	Europe		1991-1993	15-44	6	7.7		11.2	6.4
					45-64	3.2	3		12.1	5.3
					≥65	2.9	2		10.8	9.8
		Iceland	Reykjavik		15-44	10.4	10		27.3	27.5
					45-64	4.4	2.2		26.4	11.1
					≥65	8	6.4		32.2	9.7
		Norway	Oslo		15-44	9.8	9.6		18.7	17.5
					45-64	2.6	5.3		14.1	8.7
					≥65	5.1	2.6		22.3	9.9
		Denmark	Copenhagen		15-44	5.4	12.2		8.3	11.4
					45-64	5.3	3.5	8.3	9.7
					≥65	1.5	6.2	10.6	13.3
		Ireland	Dublin		15-44	5.5	7.9	16.2	13.8
					45-64	2.9	2.7	22	7.1
					≥65	2.2	11.1	22.1	9.7
		United Kingdon	Leicester (nonimmigrants)		15-44	2.5	9.7	10	10.9
					45-64	0	0	13.5	5.1
					≥65	0	0	9.8	4.3
		United Kingdom	Leicester (immigrants)		15-44	5.4	2.5	8.1	20.4
					45-64	17.5	0	8.8	26.2
					≥65	0	0	28.7	0
		The Netherlands	Maastricht		15-44	10.2	13.9	15.1	14.3
					45-64	4	2.6	17.1	9.2
					≥65	0	0	8.8	5.9
		Germany	Essen		15-44	4.1	6.7	3.5	5.8
					45-64	1.4	3.1	3.2	4
					≥65	3.1	0	4.2	4.6
		France	Amiens		15-44	8.2	12.8	6.3	5.2
					45-64	7.7	6.4	9.6	5.5
					≥65	1.6	2.2	0	1
		Italy	Milan-Varese		15-44	1.1	5.5	15.4	6.6
					45-64	2	0	6.1	3.8
					≥65	14.4	2.8	28.8	8.5
		Italy	Crema-Cremona		15-44	0.7	4.1	6	8.1
					45-64	5.3	1.2	19.7	2.5
					≥65	3	3.4	3	3.4
		Italy	Reggio Emilia		15-44	5.4	5.1	9.3	9.1
					45-64	3.7	1.8	10.2	5.5
					≥65	5.9	1	2.9	4.1
		Italy	Florence		15-44	3.6	4.4	10.3	7.9
					45-64	0.6	3.4	11.4	4.6
					≥65	1.1	0.7	11.7	2.7
		Italy	Palermo, Sicily		15-44	10.4	7.7	15.6	7.7
					45-64	0	2.9	17	2.9
					≥65	6.4	0	0	0
		Spain	Vigo		15-44	9.7	4.1	5.9	9.5
					45-64	3.8	0.9	11.3	1.7
					≥65	4.3	0	8.6	3.8
		Spain	Sabadell		15-44	5.7	7.5	11.4	8.1
					45-64	0	5.2	14.8	3.9
					≥65	3.2	0	12.6	0
		Portugal	Braga		15-44	3.3	7.2	5.8	8
					45-64	2.2	1.9	6.7	3.9
					≥65	0	0	00
		Portugal	Almada		15-44	1.5	3.5	1.5	0.7
					45-64	2.9	2.8	1.4	4.2
					≥65	0	0	40
		Greece	Ioannina prefecture, Northwest Greece		15-44	1	0.9	9.5	11.2
					45-64	1.7	0	5	7.6
					≥65	3.1	0	15.4	0
		Greece	Heraklion, Crete		15-44	7.5	3.1	19.2	12.3
					45-64	7.9	0	35.5	14.9
					≥65	0	0	10.1	2.7
		Israel	Beer Sheva		15-44	1.8	6.1	12	6.1
45-64	4.3			7.9	8.6	9.9
≥65	0			4.3	5.3	0
Bonnevie O²⁴	1968	Denmark	Copenhagen and Gentofte	1961–1967	0-9			1.4	0.4
					10-19			4.6	6.2
					20-29			12.3	11.6
					30-39			8.2	12.4
					40-49			7.9	7
					50-59			7.5	10.3
					60-69			7.8	6.7
					70-79			0	8.4
					≥80			13.9	0
Langholz E²⁵	1991	Denmark	Copenhagen	1962–1987	0-10			2.1	1.7
					11-20			7.8	10.6
					21-30			11.3	13.6
					31-40			10.3	12.5
					41-50			6.5	9.2
					51-60			9	8.4
					61-70			10.3	6.8
					≥71			9.8	7.8
Munkholm P^26,27	1992	Denmark	Copenhagen	1979-1987	0-14	0.5	0.5
					15-19	6	11
					20-29	4.75	10.75
					30-39	5.5	4
					40-49	4	6.5
					50-59	3.25	5.5
					60-69	2.25	1.25
					≥70	4	2
Vind I²⁸	2006	Denmark	Copenhagen	2003-2005	0-15	4	2.5	3	5	4.5	4.5
					16-25	15	23	18	20.5	18	19.5
					26-35	13	11	12.5	15	19	17
					36-45	7	10	8.5	15.5	16.5	16
					46-55	9	9	9	15	10.5	13
					56-65	4	6	5	17	8	12.5
					66-75	4.5	4.5	4.5	14	13	14
					76-85	9.5	7.5	8	12	18	16
					86-95				10	16.5	15
Binder V²⁹	1982	Denmark	Copenhagen	CD: 1962-1978; UC: 1970-1978	0-14			0			2.5
					15-19			2			8.75
					20-24			3.4			15
					25-29			3.8			12
					30-34			1.9			14
					35-39			1.5			7.5
					40-44			1			9
					45-49			2.8			8.75
					50-54			2.4			7
					55-59			2.1			8.5
					60-64			2.8			8.5
					65-69			2.3			13
					70-74			1.5			8.75
					75-79			1			10
					≥80			0			9.5
Jacobsen BA³⁰	2006	Denmark	North Jutland	1978-2002	0-14	1.6	1.3		2.1	3.2
					15-29	8.8	15.4		15.6	19.2
					30-44	6.3	8.5		15	17.9
					45-59	5.5	6.3		14.4	11.4
					60-74	5.1	7.2		15.6	11.1
					≥75	7.7	3.7		13.3	7.6
Fonager K³¹	1997	Denmark	Nationwide	1981-1992	0-14	0.9	0.6		2.1	2.9
					15-29	5.3	9.1		12.7	16.3
					30-44	4.2	6.2		14.4	15.6
					45-59	3.8	5		14.7	13.1
					60-74	4	5.3		20.1	16.5
					≥75	3.6	4.6		25.8	18.1
Berner J³²	1986	Faroe Islands	Nationwide	1964-1983	0-19				2	2
					20-29				13	16
					30-39				11	11
					40-49				23	5
					50-59				10	8
					60-69				12	3
					≥70				9	15
Linden G³³	1971	Finland	Nationwide	1967	0-9					1.8
					10-19					2.5
					20-29					5.8
					30-39					7.6
					40-49					7
					50-59					6.5
					60-69					3.6
					≥70					5.2
Bjornsson S³⁴	2000	Iceland	Nationwide	1990-1994	0-9			0			0
					10-19			9			10
					20-29			9			28
					30-39			7			29
					40-49			8			20
					50-59			2			18
					60-69			6			18
					70-79			7.5			7.5
					≥80			0			15
Bjornsson S³⁵	1998	Iceland	Nationwide	1980-1989	0-9			1			0
					10-19			2			5
					20-29			5			20
					30-39			4			21
					40-49			3.5			17
					50-59			3			11
					60-69			0			11
					70-79			6			17
					80-89			0			6
Romberg-Camps MJL³⁶	2008	The Netherlands	South Limburg	1991-2002	0-9	0.5	0		0	0
					10-19	7.5	12		2.5	4.5
					20-29	12	22		12.5	15
					30-39	5	10		14	13
					40-49	4.5	5.5		9.5	7.5
					50-59	4	4		12	6
					60-69	4.5	4.5		13	6
					70-79	4	2.5		10	4
					≥80	0	0		5	2
Russel MG³⁷	1998	The Netherlands	South Limburg	1991-1994	5-9	0	0		0	0
					10-14	1	1		0	0.5
					15-19	3	5.5		2	2.5
					20-24	8.5	15		6	7.5
					25-29	12.5	22.5		12.5	15
					30-34	12	21		17	17.5
					35-39	8	14		17.5	14.5
					40-44	6	8		16	11
					45-49	4.5	6		14.5	8
					50-54	4	5		14	7.5
					55-59	4	4		13.5	7.5
					60-64	4.5	3.5		13	7
					65-69	4	3		10	6.5
					70-74	3	2.5		7	4.5
					75-79	2.5	2		3	2.5
					80-84	0.5	0.5		1	1
Shivananda S³⁸	1987	The Netherlands	Leiden	1979-1983	10-19	7	3.75
					20-29	2.75	8
					30-39	5.5	4
					40-49	3.2	4.75
					50-59	2	2
					60-69	4.25	0
					70-79	5	4.25
Shivananda S³⁹	1987	The Netherlands	Leiden	1979-1983	0-9			0.25			0.25
					10-19			5.25			3.75
					20-29			5.5			9.25
					30-39			4.75			9.75
					40-49			4			9.5
					50-59			2			8.75
					60-69			1.75			8.25
					≥70			5.25			8.75
Haug K⁴⁰	1989	Norway	Western Norway	1984-1985	0-9			0
					10-19			11.5
					20-29			12.5
					30-39			6
					40-49			3.25
					50-59			2.25
					60-69			2.75
					70-79			6
					80-89			0
Haug K⁴¹	1988	Norway	Western Norway (Sogn and Fjordane, Hordaland, and	1984-1985	5-9						3.25
					10-14						8.5
					15-19						9
					20-24						22
					25-29						25
					30-34						32.5
					35-39						27.5
					40-44						15.5
					45-49						9.5
					50-54						14
					55-59						6.5
					60-64						10
					65-69						14.5
					70-74						23.5
					75-79						18.5
					80-84						22
Kildebo S⁴²	1989	Norway	Total Northern region (Nordland, Troms, and Finnmark)	1983-1986	0-9	0	1	0.5
					10-19	6	7.5	7
					20-29	12.25	8	10
					30-39	7	8	7.75
					40-49	5	5.5	5.5
					50-59	7.5	4.5	6
					60-69	1.75	4	3
					70-79	5	8	6.5
Kildebo S⁴³	1990	Norway	Total Northern region (Nordland, Troms, and Finnmark)	1983-1986	0-9				1	1
					10-19				10	6
					20-29				30	20
					30-39				20	15
					40-49				8	14
					50-59				19	5
					60-69				17	9
					70-79				15	14
					≥80				8	4
Myren J⁴⁴	1971	Norway	Nationwide	1964-1969	0-9			0.03			0.25
					10-19			0.39			1.58
					20-29			2.04			5.84
					30-39			1.55			4.75
					40-49			1.22			4.28
					50-59			0.93			3.77
					60-69			1.3			2.91
					70-79			1.16			1.76
					≥80			0.21			1.5
Moum B⁴⁵	1996	Norway	Southeast	1990-1993	0-14				2.5	0	1
					15-24				10.5	14	12.5
					25-34				22.5	20	21
					35-44				17.5	17.5	17.5
					45-54				15	12	14
					55-64				17.5	13	16
					65-74				19	8	13
					≥75				19	9	12.5
Moum B⁴⁶	1996	Norway	Southeast	1990-1993	0-14	1	1
					15-24	10.5	13
					25-34	10	10.25
					35-44	6.5	4
					45-54	3.75	4.75
					55-64	4	6.75
					65-74	3.5	4
					≥75	2	3.75
Bengtson MB⁴⁷	2009	Norway	Southeast (Oslo)	1990-1993	0-14			1.2			0.6
					15-24			11.3			8.7
					25-34			7.6			15.6
					35-44			3.6			14.1
					45-54			4.9			8.7
					55-64			7			12.7
					65-74			2.1			10.4
					≥75			1.3			8.8
Moum B⁴⁸	1995	Norway	Southeast	1990	0-14			1.2			0.6
					15-24			11.3			8.7
					25-34			7.6			15.6
					35-44			3.6			14.1
					45-54			4.9			8.7
					55-64			7			12.7
					65-74			2.1			10.4
					≥75			1.3			8.8
Brahme F⁴⁹	1975	Sweden	Malmo	1958-1973	10-14			3
					15-19			15.5
					20-24			18.7
					25-29			6.3
					30-34			6
					35-39			4
					40-44			4.5
					45-49			2.5
					50-54			2
					55-59			1.5
					60-64			1
					65-69			0.5
					70-74			1
					75-79			2.5
					0-9						1.5
					10-19						8
					20-29						16
					30-39						5
					40-49						6
					50-59						4.5
					60-69						2
					70-79						3
					80-89						2
Stewenius J⁵⁰	1994	Sweden	Malmo	1958–1982	0-9				1.4	1.7
					10-19				14.1	8.9
					20-29				13.3	12
					30-39				13.6	11.7
					40-49				8.7	7.3
					50-59				9.6	5.6
					60-69				10.7	5.5
					70-79				11.2	8.1
					≥80				8	3.2
Ekbom A⁵¹	1991	Sweden	Uppsala Health Care Region	1965–1983	0-4			0			0.25
					5-9			0.75			1.75
					10-14			4			9.5
					15-19			14			13.5
					20-24			18			19.5
					25-29			11			21
					30-34			8.75			15.5
					35-39			7.5			14
					40-44			5.5			10.5
					45-49			5.25			8
					50-54			2			9
					55-59			4			8
					60-64			3.5			7.5
					65-69			3.75			7.25
					70-74			3			9
					75-79			3			9
Bergman L⁵²	1975	Sweden	Uppsala and Västmanland	1968–1973	10-14	0	1
					15-19	6.5	6.5
					20-24	15	15
					25-29	9	12
					30-34	7	10
					35-39	3.5	7.5
					40-44	0	3
					45-49	4	0
					50-54	1.5	6
					55-59	2.5	5
					60-64	4	6.5
					65-69	0	3
					70-74	2.5	4
					75-79	4	2.5
					80-84	0	4.5
Norlen BJ⁵³	1970	Sweden	Uppsala and Västmanland	1956–1967	5-9	1.1	1	0.5
					10-14	0	3.2	1.6
					15-19	3.9	4.2	4
					20-24	7.3	5.4	6.3
					25-29	8.2	3.8	6
					30-34	1.3	1.4	1.3
					35-39	1.2	2.4	1.8
					40-44	2.4	2.4	2.4
					45-49	1.2	3.7	2.4
					50-54	2.5	2.6	2.5
					55-59	1.4	1	1.2
					60-64	3.3	1.6	2.4
					65-69	2	1.8	1.9
					70-74	2.6	6.8	4.7
					75-79	7.9	3.3	5.6
Nordenvall B⁵⁴	1985	Sweden	Stockholm	1955–1979	0-10				0	0
					11-14				1.5	2.25
					15-19				2.5	4
					20-24				4	6
					15-29				7.25	5.5
					30-34				6	6.75
					35-39				6	5
					40-44				3.5	3.5
					45-49				3.75	4
					50-54				3.75	2.5
					55-59				4	2
					60-64				2.5	1.5
					65-69				2.5	2
					70-74				3	3
					75-79				3.25	1
					≥80				2.5	2.5
Nyhlin H⁵⁵	1986	Sweden	Umea	1974–1981	0-9			1.6
					10-19			6.4
					20-29			14.5
					30-39			9.1
					40-49			6.1
					50-59			2.9
					60-69			2.3
					70-79			1.8
					80-89			0
			Northern Sweden	1974–1981	0-9			0.91
					10-19			5.6
					20-29			11.1
					30-39			5.6
					40-49			6.8
					50-59			3.1
					60-69			1.7
					70-79			1.5
					80-89			3.7
Lindberg E⁵⁶	1991	Sweden	Immediate catchment area of Örebro Medical Center Hospital	1963–1987	0-14			2
					15-29			15
					30-44			7.7
					45-59			4.2
					≥60			1.5
Tysk C⁵⁷	1992	Sweden	Orebro	1963–1987	0-9				0	0
					10-19				7.5	4
					20-29				17.5	20
					30-39				24	11
					40-49				16	6
					50-59				9	4
					60-69				10	5
					≥70				7	4
Lapidus A⁵⁸	1997	Sweden	Stockholm	1955–1989	0-4			0.1
					5-9			0.5
					10-14			4
					15-19			8.5
					20-24			9
					25-29			7
					30-34			5.5
					35-39			4.8
					40-44			3.8
					45-49			4
					50-54			3
					55-59			3.4
					60-64			2.1
					65-69			2.1
					70-74			2.3
					75-79			1.9
					80-84			1.9
					≥85			1.3
Ronnblom A⁵⁹	2010	Sweden	Uppsala	1945–2007	0-9				4	4
					10-19				19	18
					20-29				37	26
					30-39				24	24
					40-49				13	12
					50-59				10	17
					60-69				26	9
					≥70				15	11
Smith IS⁶⁰	1975	United Kingdom	Clydesdale, Scotland	1961–1970	10-19	1	0.8
					20-29	1.9	2.8
					30-39	2.2	2.6
					40-49	2.1	2.5
					50-59	1.7	2.3
					60-69	1	2.7
					70-79	1.1	2.6
					≥80	0	1.2
Thomas GA⁶¹	1995	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1931–1990	10–14			0.8
					15–19			5.7
					20–24			8.5
					25–29			7.3
					30–34			5.8
					35–39			4.8
					40–44			5
					45–49			2.7
					50–54			3.5
					55–59			6
					60–64			4.7
					65–69			6.5
					70–74			8
					75–79			5.7
					80–84			1.8
Srivastava ED⁶²	1992	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1968–1987	0–10					0
					11–20					4.5
					21–30					10.75
					31–40					12
					41–50					10
					51–60					8.25
					61–70					10
					71–80					8.5
					81–90					0.75
Mayberry J⁶³	1979	United Kingdom	Cardiff	1931–1977	10–14			1.1
					15–19			5.3
					20–24			4
					25–29			4.5
					30–34			3
					35–39			5.3
					40–44			4.3
					45–49			3
					50–54			3.8
					55–59			3.3
					60–64			2
					65–69			5
					70–74			5.5
					75–79			4.3
					80–84			1.5
Fellows IW⁶⁴	1990	United Kingdom	Derby	1976–1985	0-9	0	0	0
					10-19	8.1	4.5	6
					20-29	7.8	13.4	11
					30-39	7.9	7.4	7.3
					40-49	5	9.4	7
					50-59	6.9	5.4	5.5
					60-69	3.8	7	5.5
					70-79	13	11.1	12
					≥80	0	2.5	0
Evans JG⁶⁵	1965	United Kingdom	Oxford	1951–1960	0–14				0.6	1.3
					15–24				4.7	4
					25–34				8.2	10.9
					35–44				9.2	12.1
					45–54				8.2	8.6
					55–64				7.6	8.8
					65–74				8.7	12.7
					≥75				2.5	5.7
Tresadern JC⁶⁶	1973	United Kingdom	Gloucester	1966–1970	0–14			0.32
					15–24			5.05
					25–34			0.6
					35–54			1.22
					55–74			1.31
					≥75			2.1
Kyle J⁶⁷	1992	United Kingdom	Northeastern and Northern Isles, Scotland	1955–1988	0–9			0.38
					10–19			5.61
					20–29			10.39
					30–39			6.62
					40–49			4.14
					50–59			5.53
					60–69			4.68
					70–79			7.33
					≥80			3.94
Rose⁶⁸	1988	United Kingdom	Wales - Cardiff	1981–1985	10–14			3
					15–19			9
					20–24			17
					25-29			13
					30-34			9
					35-39			8.5
					40-44			10
					45-49			1.5
					50-54			3.75
					55-59			10.25
					60-64			8
					65-69			18
					70-74			17
					75-79			7
					80-84			3.75
Seagroatt V⁶⁹	2003	United Kingdom	Southern England	1979-1988	0-14			0.8			0.6
					15-24			8.3			4.4
					25-34			9.2			6.7
					35-44			6.5			6.7
					45-54			5.7			6.7
					≥55			6.6			11.1
Pavlovic-Calic N⁷⁰	2008	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Tuzla	1995-2006	0-14	0.5	0
					15-24	3	2.75
					25-34	4.25	3
					35-44	4	3.75
					45-54	2.5	1.75
					55-64	2.75	3
					65-74	2.25	1.75
					≥75	0	1.75
Salkic NN⁷¹	2010	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Tuzla	1995-2006	0-14				0	0.4
					15-24				0.6	1.9
					25-34				2.4	4.1
					35-44				6.1	4.5
					45-54				5.8	5.2
					55-64				8.2	3.6
					65-74				10	5.3
					≥75				2.4	3.1
Sincic BM⁷²	2006	Croatia	Primorsko-goranska County	2000-2004	0-14	14	3		2	0
					15-24	10.5	6		2.75	3
					25-34	8.5	13		4	5
					35-44	7.5	8		5.5	8.5
					45-54	7	2.5		6.5	4.75
					55-64	2.5	4.5		4.75	4.5
					≥65	5.5	4		7.5	5.5
Vucelic B⁷³	1991	Croatia	Zagreb	1980-1989	0-14	2	1	1.5
					15-24	12	17	15
					25-34	16	12	14
					35-44	5	10	7.5
					45-54	7	5	6
					55-64	2.5	7.5	5
Pajares Garcia JM⁷⁴	1987	Spain	Madrid	1976-1983	0-9	0	0
					10-19	0.2	0.2
					20-29	0.6	0.5
					30-39	0.5	0.2
					40-49	0.45	0.4
					50-59	0.3	0.15
					60-69	0.3	0.25
					≥70	0.2	0.1
Lopez-Serrano⁷⁵	2009	Spain	Madrid	2003-2005	15-24	24	12	16	7	4	7
					25-34	12	12	14	8	6	9
					35-44	5	8	8	12	11	13
					45-54	0	6	4	0	11	6
					55-64	0	0	1	0	6	4
					≥65	0	1	2	15	2	7.5
Ruiz Ochoa V⁷⁶	1984	Spain	Galicia	1976-1983	0-9	0	0
					10-19	1.2	0.75
					20-29	2.5	1.3
					30-39	1.25	1.5
					40-49	0.9	0.3
					50-59	1.25	0.4
					60-69	0.25	0.3
					70-79	0.3	0.2
Brullet E⁷⁷	1998	Spain	Sabadell, Vigo, Mallorca, Motril	1991-1993	0-14	2.5	1	1.5	0	0	0
					15-24	10	7.5	9	4	6	5
					25-34	8	6	7.5	10	8	9
					35-44	2.5	4	3	12	8	10
					45-54	2.5	4	3	11.5	4.5	8
					55-64	6	1.5	3	11	3	6.5
					≥65	3	0.5	1.5	10.5	2.5	6
Brullet E⁷⁸	1991	Spain	Sabadell	1985-1989	0-9				0	0	0
					10-19				1.18	1.31	1.25
					20-29				5.05	6.63	5.95
					30-39				5.53	6.35	5.94
					40-49				6.26	5.82	6.03
					50-59				7.75	3.23	5.46
					60-69				5.08	4.6	4.83
					≥70				7.49	3.05	4.73
Lopez Miguel C⁷⁹	1999	Spain	Aragon	1992-1995	0-14	0	1		0	1
					15-24	5	4		6	4
					25-34	8	6		9.5	9
					35-44	6	4		8	5.5
					45-54	2	0.5		14	5
					55-64	2.5	1		9.5	3
					65-74	3	1		11	5.5
					≥75	1	1		12
Pozzati L⁸⁰	2002	Spain	Merida	1996-2000	15-64	3.15	1.16	1.34	9.57	2.09	3.36
Rodrigo L⁸¹	2004	Spain	Oviedo	2000-2002	0-14	8.5	3	5.5	0	3	1.5
					15-24	9	14	12	0	2.5	1
					25-34	8.5	13	11	15.5	13	14
					35-44	4.5	4.5	4.5	6.5	10	8.5
					45-54	2.5	9	6	14.5	9	12
					55-64	7	3.5	5	14	9.5	11.5
					65-74	0	3	1.5	10	5.5	8
					≥75	0	0	0	5.5	3	4.5
Arin Letamendia A⁸²	2008	Spain	Navarra	2001-2003	0-14	1.5	2	2	0.5	0.5	1
					15-24	12.5	11.5	12	4	10	7
					25-34	10.5	9.5	10	15	16	15.5
					35-44	6.5	5.5	6	21	18	20
					45-54	6	7	7	13.5	8	11
					55-64	5	3.5	5	17	10.5	14
					65-74	4	2.5	4	10	4	7
					≥75	2	0	1	4	3	3
Manousos ON⁸³	1996	Greece	Heraklion	1990-1994	0-14			0.3
					15-24			2.8
					25-34			5.5
					35-44			5.3
					45-54			4.2
					55-64			0.7
					≥65			0.6
Manousos ON⁸⁴	1996	Greece	Heraklion	1990-1994	0-14				0	0.6
					15-44				12.2	9	10.6
					45-64				18.3	6.2	12.2
					≥65				18	7.4	12.1
Ladas SD⁸⁵	2005	Greece	Trikala	1990-1994	10-19				10.9	4	7.6
					20-29				20	17.7	18.8
					30-39				17.6	28.2	22.7
					40-49				6.6	23.9	14.8
					50-59				2	6	4
					60-69				10.7	0	5.1
					≥70				4.7	3.7	4.1
Tsianos EV⁸⁶	1994	Greece	Ioannina prefecture, Northwest Greece	1982-1991	15-24				3.5	7.2	5.3
					25-34				3.2	4.1	3.6
					35-44				10.3	7.1	8.7
					45-54				4.2	5.7	5
					55-64				10	2.5	5.9
					65-74				7.5	1	4.2
					≥75				5.9	0	2.5
Trallori G⁸⁷	1996	Italy	Florence	1978-1992	15-24	4.5	3		6.5	5.5
					25-34	4	4.5		12	9
					35-44	3	2		13	6.5
					45-54	2	1.5		11	6
					55-64	1	3		8	4.5
					65-74	2	1		7.5	4
					≥75	0.5	0.5		3	2
Cottone M^88,89	1991	Italy	Sicily	1987-1989	0-9	0	0	0
					10-19	1.5	0.9	1.2
					20-29	2.7	5.2	3.7
					30-39	6.1	3.8	5.1
					40-49	7.5	3.2	5.2
					50-59	3.6	1.8	2.7
					60-69	2.3	3.8	2
					≥70	2.6	0.6	1.4
Ranzi T⁹⁰	1996	Italy	Lombardia	1990-1993	0-14			1			1
					15-29			4			6.5
					30-44			3.5			11.5
					45-59			4.5			8
					60-74			3.5			8
					≥75			1			3
Tragnone A⁹¹	1996	Italy	Nationwide	1989-1992	0-10			0.5			1
					11-20			1.5			2.5
					21-30			4			8
					31-40			3.25			8.5
					41-50			2.75			7
					51-60			3			5.5
					61-70			1.25			5.75
					71-80			1			1.75
Latour P⁹²	1996	Belgium	Liege	1993-1994	0-19			2			1.5
					20-29			13.5			6
					30-39			6			4
					40-49			7			4
					50-59			4			2
					60-69			6.5			7
					70-79			5			3
					≥80			0			3
Piront P⁹³	2002	Belgium	Liege	1993-1996	<60			4.8			3.4
Piront P⁹³	2002	Belgium	Liege	1993-1996	>60			3.45			4.5
Colombel JF⁹⁴	1990	France	Nord-Pas de Calais region	1988	0-9	0	0.5		0.5	0
					10-19	6	8		1	2
					20-29	10	13		10	9
					30-39	8	14		8	5
					40-49	4	8		8.5	7.5
					50-59	3	5		6	2
					60-69	2	4		5.5	6
					70-79	5	3.5		6	4
					80-89	6	0		5.5	3.5
Flamenbaum M⁹⁵	1997	France	Puy-de-Dome County	1993-1994	0-9	0	0	0	0	0	0
					10-19	2	4	2.5	1	0	0.5
					20-29	10	9	9	2	7.5	5
					30-39	8	6	7	5.5	2	4
					40-49	16	13	14.5	1	0	1
					50-59	7	7	7	1.5	1.5	2
					60-69	10	4.5	7.5	3.5	1.5	3
					70-79	10	5	7.5	0	5	3.5
					80-89	0	4	2.5	7.5	7	7
					≥90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gower-Rousseau C⁹⁶	1994	France	Northern France	1988-1990	0-9	1	1		0.5	1
					10-19	6	7		2	2.5
					20-29	10	13		7	6
					30-39	5	8		6.5	5
					40-49	4	6		5	3.5
					50-59	4.5	3		5.5	3
					60-69	3	2.5		5	3.5
					70-79	3.5	4		5	2
					80-89	4	3		3	1.5
Molinie F⁹⁷	2004	France	Northern France	1988-1999	0-9	0	0		0	0
					10-19	6	7		1.5	2
					20-29	12.5	18		7	7
					30-39	7.5	10		7	6.75
					40-49	5	5.5		6.75	3.5
					50-59	4.5	3		5.5	2.5
					60-69	3.5	2.5		5.5	2.5
					70-79	2	4		4.5	2
					≥80	2.5	3		3	1.75
Abakar-Mahamat A⁹⁸	2007	France	Corsica	2002-2003	0-19	6	10.5		0	3
					20-29	13	21		40	12.5
					30-49	8	13		32.5	22.5
					50-59	12.5	0		45	20
					60-74	0	0		22.5	20
					≥75	0	0		12.5	0
Nerich V⁹⁹	2006	France	Metropolitan France	2000-2002	0-4	0	0		0.25	0.25	0.25
					5-9	1	1		0.5	0.5	0.5
					10-14	5	2.5		1	1.5	1.25
					15-19	10	15		4	4	4
					20-24	17	27		8	10	8
					25-29	15	22.5		10	13	11
					30-34	11	17		10.5	14	12.25
					35-39	10	15		12	12	12
					40-44	9	12		12.25	10	11
					45-49	8	10		11	8	9.5
					50-54	7	7		11.5	7.5	9.5
					55-59	6.5	6.5		9.5	6	7.5
					60-64	6	5		10.5	5.5	8
					65-69	5.5	4.5		8.5	6	7.5
					70-74	5	5		9	5.5	7
					75-79	5	7		7.5	5.5	6
					80-84	4	6		5	5	5
					85-89	3.5	6.5		6	4.5	4.75
					90-94	3	3		4	3	3
					95-99	0	2.5
Pagenault M¹⁰⁰	1997	France	Brittany	1994-1995	0-9	1	0		0.5	0.5
					10-19	5	2.5		0.5	1.5
					20-29	6	9		5	3.5
					30-39	2.5	3		9.5	5
					40-49	2.5	2		4.5	4
					50-59	2.5	1.5		4.5	2
					60-69	1.5	2		4	1
					70-79	3.5	2.5		3	1.5
					80-89	2	1.5		0	1
Edouard A¹⁰¹	2005	France	Guadeloupe and Martinique	1997-1999	0-9			0			0.25
					10-19			2.75			0.5
					20-29			4			4.5
					30-39			3.75			4.5
					40-49			1.25			4
					50-59			0			1.75
					60-69			1.75			2.25
					70-79			0.75			1.75
Goebell H¹⁰²	1994	Germany	Essen, Mulheim, Duisburg, Oberhausen	1980-1984	0-9	0	1.25	0.75
					10-19	5	6	5
					20-29	9	13	11
					30-39	4	6.5	5
					40-49	2.5	3	2.5
					50-59	4	2.5	2.5
					60-69	1.25	1.25	1.5
					70-79	0	1	1
					≥80	0	1.5	1.25
Dirks E¹⁰³	1994	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984	0-5				0	0	0
					6-10				0	1.25	0.5
					11-15				3	1	1.75
					16-20				2.25	3.5	3
					21-25				4.5	3.5	4
					26-30				3.5	1.75	2.5
					31-35				3.5	4	3.5
					36-40				4	3.5	3.5
					41-45				4	1.75	2.75
					46-50				3.5	2.5	3
					51-55				4.25	2	3
					56-60				3.5	1.5	2.25
					61-65				7	2.25	4
					66-70				4	2	2.5
					71-75				2.25	3.25	2.75
					76-80				2	1.5	1.75
					81-85				4	0	1.5
					86-90				0	0	0
					91-95				0	0	0
Timmer A¹⁰⁴	1999	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984	15-29				3.3	2.5
					30-49				2.5	1.8
					50-74				3.2	1.5
Timmer A¹⁰⁵	1999	Germany	Ruhr area, Western Germany	1980-1984	15-24			10.5
					25-34			9
					35-44			2.5
					45-54			3.5
					55-64			1
					65-74			0.5
					75-84			1.5
				1991-1995	15-24			10
					25-34			8
					35-44			3.5
					45-54			4
					55-64			3
					65-74			4
					75-84			1
Ott C¹⁰⁶	2008	Germany	Oberpfalz	2004-2006	0-15			2.25			1
					16-25			18.5			6.5
					26-35			10.5			4
					36-45			6.5			5
					46-55			4			5
					56-65			3.5			4
					66-75			1.75			4
					>75			1			2
Lakatos L¹⁰⁷	2004	Hungary	Veszprem Province	1977-2001	0-10				0	0	0.5
					11-20	3.25	1.5	2.5	4	4.5	4.25
					21-30	5.25	6	5.5	9.5	9	9.5
					31-40	4.75	4.75	4.75	10	12	11
					41-50	1.25	1.5	1.5	7.5	6	7
					51-60	0.75	1.5	1.25	7	6	6.5
					61-70	0.5	0.5	0.5	6.5	3	4.5
					≥71	0	0.5	0.25	2	3	2.5
Lakatos L¹⁰⁸	2009	Hungary	Western 2002-2006	20-30			21.4
Wilson J¹⁰⁹	2010	Australia	Geelong, Victoria	2007-2008	0-14			6			2
					15-24			43			19
					25-54			21			16
					55-64			17			14
					≥65			3			17.5
Gearry RB¹¹⁰	2006	New Zealand	Canterbury	2004-2005	0-4	15	0	8	0	0	0
					5-9	28	15	15	0	0	0
					10-14	12	12	10	0	15	5
					15-19	12	25	15	0	0	0
					20-24	12	60	30	35	20	25
					25-29	38	40	32	25	30	22.5
					30-34	55	25	35	15	12	10
					35-39	12	30	20	12	25	15
					40-44	12	30	20	18	25	18
					45-49	20	20	18	15	0	10
					50-54	15	0	12	30	15	18
					55-59	25	25	25	25	0	15
					60-64	22	30	25	32	0	18
					65-69	65	40	45	0	0	9
					70-74	30	30	25	0	15	18
					75-79	40	85	55	0	0	0
					80-84	0	0	0	40	0	25
					≥85	0	45	30	0	0	0

IR, incidence rate.

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Increasing Incidence and Prevalence of the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases With Time, Based on Systematic Review

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