Table 6. Robustness analyses; ORs with 95% CIs associated with male circumcision for selected sexual difficulties (vs no difficulties) in sexually active men and women, Denmark 2005
 |
Men |
Women |
| Frequent orgasm difficulties |
Frequent sexual function difficulties, overall |
Frequent orgasm difficulties |
Frequent difficulties with dyspareunia |
Incomplete sexual needs fulfilment |
| Main analyses (from Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5) |
3.26 (1.42–7.47) |
3.26 (1.15–9.27) |
2.66 (1.07–6.66) |
8.45 (3.01–23.74) |
2.09 (1.05–4.16) |
| Univariate analyses |
3.21 (1.55–6.66) |
3.01 (1.26–7.19) |
1.81 (0.85–3.85) |
4.77 (2.10–10.85) |
1.76 (1.08–2.86) |
| Data restriction |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1. Danish backgrounda |
3.53 (1.53–8.14) |
3.39 (1.19–9.70) |
3.11 (1.22–7.97) |
8.48 (3.01–23.90) |
2.16 (1.05–4.44) |
| 2. Non-Jewish, non-Moslem backgroundb |
2.89 (1.21–6.92) |
3.28 (1.15–9.40) |
3.37 (1.28–8.90) |
8.77 (3.09–24.92) |
2.05 (1.00–4.18) |
| 3. Age interval 20–69 yearsc |
2.60 (1.02–6.63) |
3.17 (1.11–9.05) |
3.06 (1.20–7.80) |
8.07 (2.88–22.59) |
2.07 (1.03–4.14) |
| Assumptions about unknown circumcision status |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4. Unknown circumcision status, 'worst case'd |
3.47 (1.57–7.67) |
3.75 (1.37–10.26) |
2.48 (1.02–6.01) |
8.01 (2.91–22.05) |
4.20 (2.35–7.52) |
| 5. Unknown circumcision status, 'best case'e |
2.53 (1.12–5.72) |
1.51 (0.66–3.49) |
1.69 (0.73–3.91) |
4.25 (1.62–11.18) |
0.95 (0.51–1.75) |
| 6. Unknown circumcision status assumed to be uncircumcisedf |
3.27 (1.43–7.52) |
3.27 (1.15–9.31) |
2.67 (1.07–6.68) |
8.57 (3.05–24.08) |
2.02 (1.02–4.01) |
| 7. Unknown circumcision status assumed to be circumcisedg |
2.72 (1.25–5.93) |
1.79 (0.81–3.94) |
1.60 (0.71–3.60) |
4.17 (1.60–10.91) |
2.06 (1.24–3.42) |
| Confounder selection |
|
|
|
|
|
| 8. Plus adj. for current depression or anxietyh |
3.01 (1.30–6.96) |
3.37 (1.18–9.61) |
2.71 (1.08–6.78) |
9.00 (3.19–25.35) |
2.12 (1.07–4.21) |
| 9. Plus adj. for chronic depression or anxietyi |
3.23 (1.40–7.43) |
3.19 (1.12–9.10) |
2.65 (1.06–6.62) |
8.21 (2.92–23.06) |
2.07 (1.04–4.11) |
| 10. Plus adj. for current hypertensionj |
3.40 (1.48–7.84) |
3.27 (1.15–9.32) |
2.69 (1.08–6.71) |
8.34 (2.95–23.56) |
2.11 (1.06–4.22) |
| 11. Plus adj. for current diabetesk |
3.43 (1.49–7.90) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| 12. Plus adj. for smoker statusl |
3.34 (1.45–7.68) |
3.30 (1.16–9.42) |
2.74 (1.09–6.89) |
8.36 (2.95–23.74) |
2.06 (1.03–4.12) |
| 13. Plus adj. for problems paying bills last yearm |
3.26 (1.42–7.48) |
3.30 (1.16–9.39) |
2.70 (1.08–6.76) |
8.28 (2.96–23.21) |
2.12 (1.06–4.23) |
| 14. Minus adj. for frequency of sexual activity with a partnern |
3.42 (1.50–7.80) |
3.03 (1.08–8.56) |
2.33 (0.96–5.66) |
7.64 (2.78–21.01) |
1.96 (1.10–3.52) |
| 15. Minus adj. for number of sex partners since age 15 yearso |
3.14 (1.37–7.19) |
3.26 (1.15–9.27) |
2.67 (1.07–6.66) |
8.17 (2.92–22.92) |
2.10 (1.06–4.18) |
| 16. Minus adj. for age at first sexual intercoursep |
3.44 (1.55–7.61) |
2.66 (1.00–7.09) |
2.45 (1.00–6.00) |
7.45 (2.69–20.65) |
2.06 (1.04–4.09) |
Univariate ORs are adjusted only for age. As in the main analyses in Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5, ORs in robustness analyses 1–16 are adjusted for age, cultural background, membership of religious community, marital status, school attendance, household income, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sex partners since age 15 years, and frequency of sexual activity with a partner in the past year, except as specified in robustness analyses 8–16.
aAnalyses restricted to participants with at least one Danish-born parent.
bAnalyses restricted to participants who were not Jews or Moslems. Specifically, analyses were carried out after exclusion of participants who reported that they were Jews or Moslems and those who reported that they were members of a religious community but failed to mention which religious community.
cAnalyses restricted to participants in the age interval 20–69 years.
dParticipants with unknown circumcision status (or circumcision status of the spouse) treated to provide the most unfavourable association with circumcision. Specifically, participants with unknown circumcision status who had sexual difficulties were all considered to be circumcised, whereas those with unknown circumcision status who did not have sexual difficulties were all considered to be uncircumcised.
eParticipants with unknown circumcision status (or circumcision status of the spouse) treated to provide the most favourable association with circumcision. Specifically, participants with unknown circumcision status who had sexual difficulties were all considered to be uncircumcised, whereas those with unknown circumcision status who did not have sexual difficulties were all considered to be circumcised.
fParticipants with unknown circumcision status (or circumcision status of the spouse) considered to be uncircumcised.
gParticipants with unknown circumcision status (or circumcision status of the spouse) considered to be circumcised.
hORs additionally adjusted for a variable capturing participants (21% of men, 31% of women) who reported (i) suicidal thoughts or attempted suicide in the last year, (ii) current symptoms of chronic depression or anxiety, (iii) feeling low-spirited, sad or unhappy in the last 2 weeks or (iv) problems of insomnia in the past 2 weeks.
iORs additionally adjusted for history (ever) of chronic depression or anxiety (7% of men, 12% of women).
jORs additionally adjusted for current hypertension (12% of men, 12% of women).
kORs additionally adjusted for current diabetes (3% of men). Only one woman whose spouse was circumcised had diabetes.
lORs additionally adjusted for smoker status [current smokers (28% of men, 26% of women), former smokers (31% of men, 27% of women), never smokers (42% of men, 47% of women)].
mORs additionally adjusted for a variable capturing participants who had problems paying their bills last year (7% of men, 8% of women).
nORs adjusted as in main analyses, except for frequency of sexual activity with a partner in the past year.
oORs adjusted as in main analyses, except for number of sex partners since age 15 years.
pORs adjusted as in main analyses, except for age at first sexual intercourse.
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