Pulmonary Diseases
In a Scandinavian cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis, the prevalence of celiac disease was three-times greater than the general prevalence of celiac disease in Norway and Sweden.[173] Symptoms due to celiac disease will be alleviated by a gluten-free diet, so making this diagnosis is important and screening those with cystic fibrosis is recommended.[173] A three- to four-fold risk of TB occurred in celiac disease, and was seen in males and females and in those diagnosed with celiac disease above and below the age of 16 years[174] and confirms some earlier studies. However, among the 14,335 patients with celiac disease, only 24 had TB, so absolute numbers were small. It was considered that malnutrition and particularly vitamin D deficiency may be important in reducing the ability of patients to generate an appropriate immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A possible increased risk of venous thromboembolism among adult celiac patients may occur.[175] Celiac disease may be linked to sarcoid,[176,177] perhaps through common haplotypes.[178] Diffuse lung disease occurs in celiac disease. Fibrosing alveolitis, bird fancier's lung and farmer's lung are found, but the strength of these associations is not clear.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;4(6):767-780. © 2010 Expert Reviews Ltd.
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