Effects of Three Types of Honey on Cutaneous Wound Healing

Table 1.  Histopathological findings among groups. Collagen, epithelization, macrophage, fibroplasia, and angiogenesis of open wounds in rabbits treated with honeys of different botanical origin and untreated control wounds.

Parameter	Group	Treatment days mean ± SD
		Day 7 (n = 32)	Day 14 (n = 32)	Day 21 (n = 32)
Collagen	Control	1.88 ± 0.64	1.50 ± 0.53†	1.88 ± 0.64†
	Chestnut honey	1.88 ± 0.83	2.13 ± 0.64*	2.88 ± 0.35*
	Rhododendron honey	2.13 ± 0.83	2.00 ± 0.53*	2.57 ± 0.53*
	Blossom honey	2.25 ± 0.71	2.50 ± 0.53*	2.75 ± 0.46*
Epithelialization	Control	1.13 ± 0.35†	1.75 ± 0.71	3.00 ± 0.00
	Chestnut honey	1.88 ± 0.64*	2.00 ± 0.76	3.00 ± 0.00
	Rhododendron honey	1.63 ± 0.52*	2.00 ± 0.76	3.00 ± 0.00
	Blossom honey	2.00 ± 0.76*	2.38 ± 0.52	3.00 ± 0.00
Angiogenesis	Control	1.63 ± 0.52†	1.63 ± 0.74	1.25 ± 0.46†
	Chestnut honey	2.38 ± 0.52*	2.00 ± 0.76	1.75 ± 0.71*
	Rhododendron honey	2.63 ± 0.52*	1.88 ± 0.64	1.63 ± 0.52*
	Blossom honey	2.75 ± 0.46*	2.25 ± 0.46	1.63 ± 0.52*
Macrophage	Control	0.25 ± 0.46†	0.88 ± 0.64†	0.13 ± 0.35
	Chestnut honey	1.13 ± 0.64*	1.25 ± 1.04†	0.25 ± 0.46
	Rhododendron honey	1.25 ± 0.71*	1.88 ± 0.35*	0.75 ± 0.89
	Blossom honey	1.13 ± 0.83*	1.25 ± 0.71†	0.10 ± 0.50
Fibroplasia	Control	1.63 ± 0.52†	1.63 ± 0.74	1.25 ± 0.46
	Chestnut honey	2.38 ± 0.52*	2.00 ± 0.76	1.75 ± 0.71
	Rhododendron honey	2.63 ± 0.52*	1.88 ± 0.64	1.63 ± 0.52
	Blossom honey	2.75 ± 0.46*	2.25 ± 0.46	1.63 ± 0.52

*†Indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
Scoring method: The collagen level was graded as: 0 (none), 1 (scant), 2 (moderate), and 3 (abundant). Epithelization was graded as either: 0 (none), 1 (partial), 2 (complete but immature or thin), and 3 (complete and mature). Angiogenesis was graded as either: 0 (none), 1 (up to 5 vessels per high-power field [HPF]), 2 (6–10 vessels per HPF), and 3 (more than 10 vessels per HPF). Fibrosis was graded as: 0 (none to minimal fibroblasts), 1 (few fibroblasts), 2 (more fibroblasts), and 3 (predominantly fibroblasts). The number of macrophages was scored as 0–25 = 1; 26–50 = 2; and > 51 = 3.

Authors and Disclosures

Hatice Ozlem Nisbet, DVM, PhD,¹ Cevat Nisbet, DVM, PhD,² Murat Yarim, DVM, PhD,³ Ahmet Guler, PhD,⁴ and Ahmet Ozak, DVM, PhD<sup>1

1</sup>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; ²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; ³Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; ⁴Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey

Address correspondence to
H. Ozlem Nisbet, DVM, PhD Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University Kurupelit 55139 Samsun, Turkey E-mail: onisbet@edu.tr