Year |
Study Design |
n
|
Inclusion Criteria |
Results |
Author |
Ref |
2009 |
Retrospective |
83 |
Suspect systemic photosensitivity |
PPT: benzophenone-3 (3 rxns), benzophenone-4 (3 rxns), promethazine (7 rxns), chlorpromazine (2 rxns), NSAIDs (20 rxns) |
Cardoso J et al |
5 |
2009 |
Double-blind, randomized |
94 |
Healthy volunteers |
Irritant rxns: 2% benzophenone-4 (1 rxn), 5% benzophenone-4 (4 rxns), 10% benzophenone-4 (6 rxns), 2% methylene-bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (2 rxns), 5% methylene-bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (6 rxns), 10% methylene-bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (1 rxn) |
Kerr A et al |
6 |
2009 |
Prospective |
18 |
"Cinnamon sensitive" |
No positive PT or PPT rxns to cinnamate UV filters (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate or isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate); but cinnamon and/or cinnamon-related fragrances PT (7 rxns) PPT (34 rxns) |
Pentinga S et al |
1 |
2009 |
Retrospective |
182 |
Suspected photo-dermatoses and/or sunscreen allergy |
PT: benzophenone-4 (6 rxns), benzophenone-3 (3 rxns), PABA (3 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (3 rxns), hexachlorophene (3 rxns), chlorhexidine (1 rxn), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (3 rxns), triclosan (2 rxns), ethylhexyl salicylate (3 rxns), homosalate (1 rxn), triclocarban (1 rxn), thiourea (1 rxn); ppt: benzophenone-4 (8 rxns), benzophenone-3 (5 rxns), PABA (6 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (3 rxns), hexachlorophene (3 rxns), chlorhexidine (3 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (4 rxns), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (3 rxns), butyl methoxydiben-zoylmethane (2 rxns), triclosan (4 rxns), ethylhexyl salicylate (3 rxns), methyl anthranilate (2 rxns), phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (1 rxn), homosalate (1 rxn), triclocarban (1 rxn) |
Scalf L et al |
7 |
2009 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PPT: PABA 10% pet |
Waters A et al. |
8 |
2008 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PPT: butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate, phenoxyethanol, fragrance mix |
Collaris E, Frank J |
9 |
2008 |
Retrospective |
1,082 |
History or clinical features of PACD |
PT: ketoprofen (13 rxns), ibuproxam (1 rxn), octocrylene (9 rxns), benzophenone-10 (7 rxns), benzophenone-3 (6 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (4 rxns), piroxicam (3 rxns), fentichlor (3 rxns), promethazine (3 rxns), fragrance mix I (3 rxns), trichlorocarbanilide (3 rxns), dichlorophene (3 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (2 rxns), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (1 rxn), benzophenone-4 (1 rxn), bithionol (1 rxn), chlorhexidine digluconate (1 rxn), musk mix (1 rxn), ethylhexyl triazone (1 rxn), sesquiterpene lactone mix (1 rxn), thiourea (1 rxn); PPT: arylpropionic derivatives (102 rxns): ketoprofen (97 rxns), ibuproxam (4 rxns), ibuprofen (1 rxn), cctocrylene (14 rxns), piroxicam (10 rxns), fentichlor (10 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (10 rxns), benzophenone-10 (9 rxns), benzophenone-3 (9 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (5 rxns), fragrance mix I (5 rxns), drometrizole trisiloxane (5 rxns), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (3 rxns), promethazine (3 rxns), benzophenone-4 (2 rxns), bithionol (2 rxns), chlorhexidine digluconate (2 rxns), PABA (2 rxns), trichlorocarbanilide (1 rxn), dichlorophene (1 rxn), musk mix (1 rxn), tribromosalicylanilide (1 rxn), polyethylene glycol-25 PABA (1 rxn), ethylhexyl triazone (1 rxn), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (1 rxn), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), triclosan (1 rxn), 6-methylcoumarin (1 rxn), etofenamate (1 rxn) |
Pigatto P et al |
10 |
2007 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PT: methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (Tinosorb M) |
Gonzalez-Perez R et al |
11 |
2007 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PT: ethylhexyl salicylate (2-ethylhexyl salicylate) in 10% white paraffin, Olay Total Effects at 48 and 96 hr |
Singh M, Beck M |
12 |
2006 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PT: decyl glucoside allergy in methylene-bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (Tinosorb M) |
Andersen K, Goossens A |
13 |
2006 |
Prospective |
1,155 |
Photosensitivity, sunscreen rxn, photodermatoses |
PT: SPF 60 commercial sunscreen product (26 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (10 rxns), benzophenone-3 (9 rxns), benzophenone-4 10% (9 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (7 rxns), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (6 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (5 rxns), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (4 rxns), ethylhexyl triazone (3 rxns), PABA (3 rxns), benzophenone-4 (2 rxns), own products (33 were commercial sunscreens) (45 rxns); PPT: benzophenone-3 (27 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (22 rxns), SPF 60 sunscreen (14 rxns), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (14 rxns), octyl methoxycinnamate (8 rxns), benzophenone-4 (2 rxns), ethylhexyl triazone (2 rxns), PABA (1 rxn), own commercial sunscreens and products (26 rxns) |
Bryden A et al |
14 |
2006 |
Retrospective |
35 |
Topical ketoprofen rxn |
PT: ketoprofen (2 rxns); PPT: ketoprofen (35 rxns), fenofibrate (9 rxns), benzophenone-3 (6 rxns), benzophenone-10 (6 rxns), benzophenone-4 (0 rxns) |
Hindsen M et al |
15 |
2006 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PPT: benzophenone-3 PT: amide anesthetic (lignocaine and prilocaine) |
Langan S, Collins P |
16 |
2006 |
Prospective |
82 |
Clinical diagnosis of PACD |
PT: dichromate (10 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), cetyl alcohol (1 rxn), 4-methylbenzilidene camphor (1 rxn); PPT: benzophenone-3 (22 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (8 rxns), benzophenone-4 (2 rxns), benzophenone-10 (2 rxns), benzophenone-3 (2 rxns), phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (1 rxn), 4-methylbenzilidene camphor (1 rxn), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), 6-methylcoumarin (1 rxn) |
Rodriguez E et al |
17 |
2006 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PT: ethylhexyl salicylate |
Shaw D |
18 |
2005 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PT: benzophenone-3, cetyl alcohol; PPT: benzophenone-3, benzophenone-10 |
Kiec-Swierczynska M et al |
19 |
2005 |
Case report |
2 |
— |
PT: octocrylene (2 rxns) |
Madan V, Beck M |
20 |
2004 |
Prospective |
250 |
Suspected PACD |
PT: butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane; PPT: benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, musk ambrette, PABA, ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA, antibacterial agents |
DeLeo V |
21 |
2003, 2004 |
NACDG patch-test results |
10,713 |
Suspected ACD |
1998–2002 prevalence of PT rxns to benzophenone = 0.6% (59% relevance); 2003–2004 prevalence of PT rxns to benzophenone 5 0.5% (70.3% relevance); 1998–2002 prevalence of PT rxns to cinnamic aldehyde 5 3.6% (not specific to chemical sunscreens but also to fragrances and flavoring), and 2003–2004 was 2.3% |
Pratt M et al, Marks J et al |
22, 23 |
2003 |
Case report |
2 |
— |
PPT: octocrylene (2 rxns) |
Carrotte-Lefebvre I et al |
24 |
2003 |
Case report |
2 |
— |
PT: benzophenone-3 (1 rxn); PPT: benzophenone-3 (2 rxns) |
Nedorost S |
25 |
2002 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PPT: isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3 |
Cook N, Freeman S |
26 |
2002 |
Retrospective |
172 |
Suspected photosensitivity |
PT: perfume mix (25 rxns), benzophenone-10 (3 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (2 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (2 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (1 rxn), benzophenone-3 (1 rxn), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (1 rxn); PPT: perfume mix (11 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (5 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (4 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (3 rxns), PABA (3 rxns), benzophenone-3 (3 rxns), benzophenone (2 rxns), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (1 rxn); combined PT and PPT: perfume mix (4 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (1 rxn) |
Crouch R et al |
27 |
2002 |
Retrospective |
81 |
Known photosensitivity |
PPT: UV filters (28 rxns) |
Lee P, Freeman S |
28 |
2000 |
Retrospective |
2,390 |
Known photosensitivity |
Decreasing order, Test period 1 (1985–1990): PT: balsam of Peru, Compositae mix, colophony, wood tar, UV filters; PPT: tiaprofenic acid, fenticlor, carprofen, isopropyl-dibenzoylmethane, benzophenone-3 Test period 2 (1991–1997): PT: balsam of Peru, Compositae mix, chlorophene, UV filters; PPT: fenticlor, carprofen, chlorpromazine, benzophenone-3, isopropyl dibenzoylmethane |
Neumann N et al |
29 |
2002 |
Case report |
1 |
|
PPT: ethylhexyl triazone (1 rxn), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (1 rxn) |
Sommer S et al |
30 |
2001 |
Retrospective |
19 |
Known photosensitivity |
PT: sunscreen base (fragrance, diazolidinylurea, imidazolidinylurea) (6 rxns), benzophenone-3 (2 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (1 rxn); PPT: benzophenone-3 (9 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (8 rxns), methoxycinnamate (3 rxns), benzophenone (1 rxn), PABA (0 rxns) |
Cook N, Freeman S |
31 |
2001 |
Retrospective |
2,715 |
Presumed photosensitivity disorders |
PT: benzophenone-10 (13 rxns), benzophenone-3 (8 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (4 rxns), PABA (7 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (3 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (3 rxns), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (3 rxns), ethyl methoxycinnamate 2 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (4 rxns), amyl dimethyl PABA (4 rxns); PPT: benzophenone-3 (14 rxns), benzophenone-10 (9 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (6 rxns), PABA (5 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (5 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (4 rxns), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (2 rxns), ethyl methoxycinnamate (2 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (2 rxns), amyl dimethyl PABA (2 rxns), phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (1 rxn), drugs (16 rxns), musk ambrette (11 rxns), antiseptic trichlorocarbanilide (1 rxn) |
Darvay A et al |
32 |
2000 |
Prospective |
167 |
Suspected photosensitivity |
PPT: butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (8 rxns), benzophenone-3 (5 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (5 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), musk ambrette (1 rxn) |
Bell H, Rhodes L |
33 |
1999 |
Retrospective |
475 |
ACD from cosmetic ingredients |
PT/PPT: benzophenone-3 (14 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (7 rxns), isobutyl PABA (4 rxns), PABA (2 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (2 rxns), butyl methyldibenzoylmethane (2 rxns), phenyl salicylate (2 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (2 rxns), phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (1 rxn), benzyl salicylate (1 rxn), ethyl methoxycinnamate (1 rxn), cinoxate (1 rxn) |
Goossens A et al |
34 |
1999 |
Prospective |
370 |
Suspected photodermatitis |
PT: benzophenone-3 (27 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (14 rxns); PPT: ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (2 rxns) |
Journe F et al |
35 |
1998 |
Retrospective |
61 |
Suspected sunscreen allergy |
PT: ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (1 rxn), benzophenone-3 (1 rxn), fragrance/balsam of Peru (8 rxns); PPT: benzophenone-10 (1 rxn), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (1 rxn), benzophenone-3 (1 rxn), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), cinnamate (1 rxn) |
Ang P et al |
36 |
1998 |
Retrospective |
335 |
Suspected photosensitivity |
PT: isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (4 rxns), benzophenone-3 (1 rxn, 1 urticarial rxn), PABA (1 rxn); PPT: benzophenone-3 (15 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (8 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (6 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (3 rxns), PABA (2 rxns), phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (2 rxns) |
Berne B, Ros A |
37 |
1998 |
Prospective |
12 |
Photodistributed eruption |
PT/PPT: ketoprofen and tiaprofenic acid (12 rxns), fenofibrate (8 rxns), benzophenone-3 (3 rxns), unsubstituted benzophenone (11 rxns) |
Le Coz C et al |
38 |
1998 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PPT: 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane |
Schmidt T, et al |
39 |
1998 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PPT: benzophenone-3 (2% pet); erythema-multiforme-like eruption following PACD to benzophenone-3 |
Zhang X et al |
40 |
1997 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PT: ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, fragrance, balsam of Peru; PPT: ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; contact sensitization to fragrance, balsam of Peru, and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was associated with the photosensitization to Parsol |
Ricci C et al |
41 |
1997 |
Prospective |
402 |
Suspected photosensitivity |
PT: fragrance (178 rxns), methylbenzylidene camphor (32 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (30 rxns), preservatives (24 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (15rxns), preservative (11 rxns), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (4 rxns), benzophenone-3 (3 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (3 rxns), PABA (2 rxns), emollient-lanolin alcohol (2 rxns), phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (1 rxn), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn); PPT: isopropyl dibenzoylmethane(32 rxns), fragrance (14 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (13 rxn), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (10 rxns), benzophenone-3 (9 rxn), phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (7 rxns), methylbenzylidene camphor (5 rxns), octyl methoxycinnamate (4 rxns), PABA (2 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (2 rxns) |
Schauder S, Ippen H |
42 |
1996 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PT: 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (1 rxn), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (1 rxn); PPT: isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (1 rxn) |
Marguery M et al |
43 |
1995 |
Retrospective |
203 |
Referred for photosensitivity |
PT: fragrance (47%), UV filters (39%), antimicrobial agents (7%); PPT: UV filters (57%), fragrance (18%), antimicrobial agents (13%); PT: amyl dimethyl PABA (2 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (2 rxns); PPT: amyl dimethyl PABA (5 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (4 rxns), PABA (3 rxns) |
Fotiades J et al |
44 |
1995 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PPT: ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate |
Kimura K, Katoh T |
45 |
1995 |
Case report, |
1 |
— |
PPT: butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (8 rxns), benzophenone-3 (5 rxns), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (5 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), musk ambrette (1 rxn) |
Parry E et al |
46 |
1995 |
Case report |
3 |
— |
PPT: benzophenone-3 (3 rxns) |
Silva R et al. |
47 |
1994 |
Prospective |
283 |
Suspected photodermatoses |
PPT: benzophenone-3 (35 rxns), PABA derivatives (17 rxns) |
Szczurko C et al |
48 |
1994 |
Prospective |
108 |
Suspected photodermatoses |
PT/PPT: benzophenone-3 (4 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (3 rxns), PABA (1 rxn), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (1 rxn) |
Trevisi P et al |
49 |
1993 |
Retrospective |
214 |
99 photodermatoses, 115 controls |
PT: benzophenone-10 (6 rxns), benzophenone-3 (2 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (4 rxns), PABA (2 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (2 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (1 rxn), cinnamic ester (5 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl methoxycinnamate (1 rxn), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (2 rxns) |
Bilsland D, Ferguson J |
50 |
1993 |
Case report |
1 |
|
PPT: benzophenone-3 |
Collins P, Ferguson J |
51 |
1993 |
Double-blind, controlled |
603 |
Randomized population |
PT: none of the people tested were allergic to the sunscreen active ingredients, parabens (2 rxns), methylparabens (1 rxn), propylparabens (1 rxn), PVP/eicosene copolymer (1 rxn), fragrance (1 rxn); PPT: sunscreen formulation (2 rxns), placebo (1 rxn), no rxns to the two active ingredients in the sunscreen formulation (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane) |
Foley P et al |
4 |
1992 |
Retrospective |
187 |
Suspected photosensitivity |
PT: fragrance (3 rxns), antibacterial (2 rxns), PABA (2 rxns), benzophenone-3(1 rxn), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (1 rxn), formalin (1 rxn); PPT: antibacterial (11 rxns), promethazine (5 rxns), Benzophenone-3 (5 rxns), PABA (4 rxns), fragrance (4 rxns), formalin (3 rxns), pentyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), chlorpromazine (1 rxn) |
DeLeo V et al |
3 |
1991 |
Prospective |
27 |
Complaint of sunscreen side effect |
PT: benzophenone-3 (1 rxn); PPT: benzophenone-3 (2 rxns); RAST: menthyl anthranilate (2 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (2 rxns), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (2 rxns), homosalate (1 rxn), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (1 rxn), benzophenone-3 (1 rxn) |
Fischer T, Bergström K |
52 |
1989 |
Case report |
4 |
— |
PPT: benzophenone-3 (4 rxns) |
Knobler E et al |
53 |
1988 |
Prospective |
70 |
Suspected photodermatoses |
PT: 22 patients (31%); PPT: 27 patients (38.5%) 14 were relevant PPT rxns; PT/PTT: most frequently chlorpromazine (13 rxns), musk ambrette (9 rxns), promethazine (8 rxns) |
Menz J et al |
54 |
1988 |
Retrospective photodermatoses |
1,993 |
Suspected |
Most frequent causes: PT: perfume mix, balsam of Peru, lichen mixture; PPT: musk ambrette, PABA |
Thune P et al |
55 |
1987 |
Case report |
10 |
— |
PT: isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (9 rxns), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (5 rxns) |
de Groot A et al |
56 |
1987 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PT: butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane |
de Groot A, Weyland J |
57 |
1987 |
Retrospective products |
280 |
PT/PTT to sunscreen |
PT: benzophenone-10 (6 rxns), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (5 rxns), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (2 rxns), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (1 rxn), amyl dimethyl PABA (1 rxn), ethoxy ethyl-p-methoxy cinnamate (1 rxn); PPT: isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (1 rxn), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (1 rxn), PABA (1 rxn), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (1 rxn) |
English J et al |
58 |
1985 |
Retrospective |
713 |
Known cosmetic ACD |
PT: ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (5 rxns), glyceryl PABA (5 rxns), PABA (3 rxns), amyl dimethyl PABA (2 rxns), benzophenone-4 (2 rxns), benzophenone-8 (1 rxn), benzophenone unspecified (1 rxn), UV absorber unspecified (1 rxn) |
Adams R, Maibach H |
59 |
1983 |
Retrospective |
745 |
Suspected |
PT: balsam of Peru (30 rxns), PABA (23 rxns), lichen photodermatoses mix (21 rxns), perfumes(10 rxns); PPT: promethazine (24 rxns), chlorpromazine (22 rxns), musk ambrette (19 rxns), PABA (19 rxns), fentichlor (12 rxns) |
Wennersten G et al |
60 |
1978 |
Case report |
1 |
— |
PPT: 5% PABA alcohol base (1 rxn), 5% PABA petrolatum base (0 rxns) |
Mathias C et al |
61 |
1978 |
Case report |
2 |
— |
PPT: homomenthyl salicylate (2 rxns) |
Rietschel M, Lewis C |
62 |
Comments