Tables
Table 1. Direct Controls of Meal Size
| Anatomic Origin | Stimulus | Feedback Signal | Route To Brain | Stimulus Exerts Control in Humans | Sex Differences in Stimulus Control Documented in Rats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oropharynx | Flavor | + | Cranial nerves | Yes | No |
| I,V,VII,IX,X | ? | ? | |||
| Stomach | Volume | - | Cranial nerve X, Splanchnic nerve | ? | ? |
| - | Gastric releasing peptide (GRP) | Yes | Yes | ||
| - | Neuromedin B | ? | No | ||
| Intestine | Volume | - | Cranial nerve X | ? | ? |
| Chemical | - | Cholecystokinin X | Yes | Yes | |
| - | Neurotensin | ? | ? | ||
| - | Apolipoprotein A-IV | ? | ? | ||
| - | Enterostatin | ? | ? | ||
| Pancreas | Chemical | - | Glucagon (X) | Yes | Yes |
| - | Insulin | ? | ? | ||
| - | Amylin | ? | ? | ||
| - | Somatostatin | ? | ? |
+ = positive feedback signal (increases meal size); - = negative feedback signal (contributes to termination of meals); ? = data insufficient.
This work was supported by research grant MH 51135 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. The author thanks Dr. Lisa Eckel for her thoughtful criticism of the penultimate draft.
Medscape General Medicine. 1998;1(3) © 1998
Cite this: The Effect of Estrogen on Appetite - Medscape - Nov 19, 1998.
