Oral Vaccine Delivery: Can it Protect Against Non-mucosal Pathogens?

Lina Wang; Ross L Coppel

Expert Rev Vaccines. 2008;7(6):729-738.

Five-year View

In the past few years, there has been a major increase in interest in developing orally delivered vaccines and this trend will continue in the coming years. However, a subunit-based oral vaccine will almost certainly not be commercially available in the next 5 years, although we may see one or a few whole organism-based oral vaccines that are now in late clinical trials reaching the market. It is reasonable to speculate that oral vaccines against mucosal pathogens will arrive on the market sooner, owing to their advanced development and their relevance to mucosal immunity. For malaria prevention, given the complexity of this disease and the requirement for broad immune responses to multiple antigens, vaccine development has been challenging and tedious, and no licensed vaccine is currently available nor likely to be so in the next 5 years.^[31,32] The priority for future development will be a safe and efficient vaccine of any type, which is more likely to be an injectable vaccine due to their greater efficacy. However, experience and lessons learned from the development process of injectable vaccines, as well as those from oral vaccines, would shorten the development time for a new generation of malaria vaccines.

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Acknowledgments

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Reprint Address

Lina Wang: Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoira 3800, Australia. Email: lina.wang@med.monash.edu.au

Cite this: Oral Vaccine Delivery: Can it Protect Against Non-mucosal Pathogens? - Medscape - Aug 01, 2008.

Oral Delivery Systems and Antigens Explored for Malaria Vaccines
Naked:
- Plasmodium falciparum MSP4	[53]
- Plasmodium yoelii MSP4/5	[53,54]
- P. yoelii MSP1₁₉	[54]
Live bacterial vectors:
• Salmonella:
- Plasmodium berghei CSP	[37]
- P. yoelii CSP	[39]
- P. falciparum CSP	[40]
- P. falciparum serine-rich protein	[44]
- P. falciparum histidine-rich protein II	[44]
- P. berghei MSP1₁₉	[52]
• Lactococci:
- P. falciparum merozoite surface antigen 2	[33,34]
- P. yoelii MSP1₁₉	[35]
Encapsulation:
- SPf66	[61]
Transgenic plants:
- P. yoelii MSP4/5	[56]

CSP: Circumsporozoite protein; MSP: Merozoite surface protein; MSP1₁₉: C-terminal 19-kDa fragment of merozoite surface protein 1.

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