| Reference |
Condition |
N |
Dosages of inhaled GSH |
Outcome |
Evidence grade |
| (21) |
Asthma |
Eight asthma patients [mean age, 29 ± 7 (standard deviation; SD) years] |
600 mg once weekly for 3 months |
A subset of patients with clinically stable mild asthma experienced a bronchoconstrictor effect when treated with inhaled GSH. |
A: Randomized placebo-controlled trial |
| (23) |
Chronic otitis media with effusion (chronic OME) |
30 patients (3-12 years of age; mean age, 5.8 years) and 30 controls (3-12 years of age; mean age, 6.1 years) |
600mg of GSH in 4 ml of saline subdivided into five 2-min sessions by nasal aerosol every 3-4 waking h for 2 weeks |
GSH should be considered for the nonsurgical management of chronic OME. |
A: Randomized placebo-controlled trial |
| (24) |
Cystic fibrosis (CF) |
Nine patients [mean age, 16.1 ± 1.44 (SD) years] received the S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and 11 patients [mean age, 19.9 ± 3.45 (SD) years] received the phosphate- buffered saline (PBS) solution |
0.05 ml/kg of 10 mM GSNO |
The treatment group showed a modest improvement in oxygenation that was thought to be independent of the physiological effects of nitric oxide. |
A: Randomized placebo-controlled trial |
| (27) |
CF |
19 patients (6-19 years of age) were randomized to treatment [mean age, 13.3 ± 4.1 (SD) years] or placebo groups [mean age, 12.9 ± 4.9 (SD) years] |
Total daily dose administered to the patients in the treatment group was 66 mg/kg of body weight |
GSH can improve clinical parameters in CF patients, and that effective treatment should include the correction of GSH deficiency. |
A: Randomized placebo-controlled trial |
| (9) |
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) |
10 patients with IPF [mean age, 46 ± 3 (SD) years] and 19 normal nonsmokers [mean age, 36 ± 3 (SD) years] |
600 mg twice daily for 3 days |
Inhaled GSH might be beneficial among IPF patients by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance. |
B: Nonrandomized controlled trial |
| (19) |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive individuals |
14 HIV seropositive individuals [mean age, 32 ± 2 (SD) years] |
600 mg twice daily for 3 days |
It is a reasonable therapeutic strategy to augment the deficient GSH levels of the lower respiratory tracts of HIV seropositive individuals. |
B: Cohort 'outcomes' research |
| (20) |
Chronic rhinitis |
13 patients with chronic rhinitis and 13 healthy subjects (4-15 years of age for all subjects; mean age, 8.2 years) |
600 mg daily for 14 days |
Statistically significant improvement in nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and ear fullness. |
B: Nonrandomized controlled trial |
| (10) |
CF |
Seven CF patients [mean age, 25 ± 1 (SD) years] |
600 mg of GSH for 3 days |
Inhalation therapy with GSH does normalize the respiratory epithelial surface oxidant-antioxidant balance in CF patients. |
B: Cohort 'outcomes' research |
| (25) |
CF |
21 patients with CF (16-37 years of age for all subjects) |
300 or 450 mg three times daily for 14 days |
Inhaled GSH can permeate the lower airways of the lungs and improve important parameters of lung function in CF patients despite not having any effect upon markers of oxidative injury. |
B: Cohort 'outcomes' research |
| (26) |
CF |
17 patients with CF (18-29 years of age for all subjects; mean age, 24 years) |
450 mg three times daily for 14 days |
Inhaled GSH did not affect the oxidative status of the patients who were tested, but it did favorably modulate their immune responses. |
B: Cohort 'outcomes' research |
| (22) |
Emphysema |
One (95 year-old male) |
120 mg of GSH in office, then 120 mg twice daily for 3 days, and continuation of treatment (dose unknown) for 2 years |
When the patient returned for a follow-up visit, he no longer required the use of his wheelchair and oxygen. The striking results were unexpected and unlikely to be due to placebo alone. |
C: Case report |
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