Martin-Smith JD, Chan JC, Power KT, Crowley PJ, Clover AJ. Do helmets worn for hurling fail to protect the ear? Identification of an emerging injury pattern. Br J Sports Med. 2012 Dec. 46(16):1134-6. [Medline].
Hwang K. Torn earlobe caused by an earring trapped in the net of goalposts. J Craniofac Surg. 2012 May. 23(3):946. [Medline].
Kuvat SV, Bozkurt M, Kapi E, Karakol P, Yaçsar Z, Güven E. Our treatment approaches in head-neck injuries caused by animal bites. J Craniofac Surg. 2011 Jul. 22(4):1507-10. [Medline].
Cassaday K, Vazquez G, Wright JM. Ear problems and injuries in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2014 Jan-Feb. 13 (1):22-6. [Medline].
Erdmann D, Bruno AD, Follmar KE, Stokes TH, Gonyon DL, Marcus JR. The helical arcade: anatomic basis for survival in near-total ear avulsion. J Craniofac Surg. 2009 Jan. 20(1):245-8. [Medline].
Brown DJ, Jaffe JE, Henson JK. Advanced laceration management. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007 Feb. 25(1):83-99. [Medline].
Saad Ibrahim SM, Zidan A, Madani S. Totally avulsed ear: new technique of immediate ear reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008. 61 Suppl 1:S29-36. [Medline].
Steffen A, Katzbach R, Klaiber S. A comparison of ear reattachment methods: a review of 25 years since Pennington. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Nov. 118(6):1358-64. [Medline].
Komorowska-Timek E, Hardesty RA. Successful reattachment of a nearly amputated ear without microsurgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Apr. 121(4):165e-9e. [Medline].
Ihrai T, Balaguer T, Monteil MC, et al. [Surgical management of traumatic ear amputations: literature review]. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2009 Apr. 54(2):146-51. [Medline].
Osterberg B, Blomstedt B. Effect of suture materials on bacterial survival in infected wounds. An experimental study. Acta Chir Scand. 1979. 145(7):431-4. [Medline].
Edmonds M. Irrigation of simple lacerations with tap water or sterile saline in the emergency department did not differ for wound infections. Evid Based Med. 2007 Dec. 12(6):181. [Medline].
Hullett JS, Spinnato GG, Ziccardi V. Treatment of an ear laceration with adjunctive leech therapy: a case report. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. October 2007. 65:2112-2114. [Medline].
Cho BH, Anh HB. Microsurgical replantation of partial ear, with leech therapy. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1999. 43:427.
Hogg NJ, Horswell BB. Soft tissue pediatric facial trauma: a review. J Can Dent Assoc. 2006 Jul-Aug. 72(6):549-52. [Medline].
Belleza WG, Kalman S. Otolaryngologic emergencies in the outpatient setting. Med Clin North Am. 2006 Mar. 90(2):329-53. [Medline].
Roberts JR, Hedges JR, eds. Clinical procedures in emergency medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2009.
Zide BM, Swift R. How to block and tackle the face. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998 Mar. 101(3):840-51. [Medline].
Forsch RT. Essentials of skin laceration repair. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Oct 15. 78(8):945-51. [Medline].
Hafner HM, Rocken M, Breuninger H. Epinephrine-supplemented local anesthetics for ear and nose surgery: clinical use without complications in more than 10,000 surgical procedures. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005 Mar. 3(3):195-9. [Medline].
Daver BM, Antia NH, Furnas DW. Handbook of Plastic Surgery for the General Surgeon. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University; 2000. 145-8 Chap 9.
Tintinalli JE, Klen GD, Stapczynki JS, eds. Section Six: Emergency Wound Management. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015. Chapter 43.
Greer WE, Benhaim P, Lorenz HP, et al. Soft tissue Injuries to the Face, Non-congenital Ear Reconstruction. Handbook of Plastic Surgery. New York, NY: Marcel Deuker; 2004. 135-41 Chap 27, 171-4 Chap 35.
Wirth GA, Evans GRD. Diseases of the skin and soft tissue, face and hand. Bell RM, Dayton MT, eds. Essentials of Surgical Specialties. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2006. Chapter 3.
Reichman FF, Simon RR. Management of Soft Tissue Injuries. Emergency Medicine Procedures. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013. Chapter 96.
