Answer
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is decreased, with concomitant reduction in FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. Patients have poor/absent reversibility with bronchodilators. FVC is normal or reduced. Total lung capacity (TLC) is normal or increased. Residual volume (RV) is increased. Diffusing capacity is normal or reduced.
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Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax.
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