What is a Vena Tech LGM inferior vena cava (IVC) filter?

Answer

Vena Tech LGM filter

The Vena Tech LGM filter was first developed and released in France by LG Medical; FDA approval was obtained in 1989. The filter is stamped and point-welded and manufactured from a biocompatible, nonferromagnetic metal alloy called Phynox (cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, molybdenum). The filter is conical with 6 radiating, flat but slightly curved legs joining a central hub at the apex. At the base of the filter, each leg is attached to a flat side rail that contacts the wall of the IVC and thus acts as a vertical stabilizing strut.

The shape of each leg–side rail assembly resembles a skewed V or a check mark. A small spike is stamped approximately 13 mm from the cephalad end of each side rail, which provides longitudinal stability and prevents filter migration. In the original design, the side rails were 34 mm in length and the legs were 45 mm in length. In the latest design (introduced in 1991), the legs are 35.5 mm in length. The open filter is 38 mm in height. The base diameter is 30 mm and is suitable for deployment in IVCs as large as 28 mm in diameter.^{[30, 31]}However, Millward et al reported successful insertion of a Vena Tech-LGM filter without significant migration in 4 patients with IVCs greater than 28 mm in diameter.^[32]The filter is delivered through a 12F introducer sheath from either a jugular or femoral approach.

Incomplete opening of the Vena Tech LGM filter has been shown to affect the clot-trapping ability of the filter. In 1991, Reed et al reported an incomplete opening of the filter of as much as 41% when it was placed by the jugular approach, and they recommended that the filter not be inserted via this approach.^[33]Murphy et al reported incomplete opening of the filter in 6% of filter insertions.^[34]Rapid deployment by brisk retraction of the insertion cannula has been recommended to avoid incomplete opening.

A rate of as much as 6% of recurrent PE was reported in a number of long-term follow-up studies after insertion of the Vena Tech LGM filter. Of these patients, fatal PE occurred in 25-50%. The incidence of thrombosis at the insertion site was reported to be 8-23%. Murphy et al demonstrated a rate of 37% for filter thrombosis, with cephalad extension of thrombus seen in 20%.^[34]Crochet et al reported a progressive decrease in IVC patency, with a rate of 66.8% at 9 years into the follow-up period.^[35]Filter placement resulting from failed anticoagulation therapy for PE appeared to be the main predictor of IVC occlusion. Earlier, the Crochet et al reported IVC patency rates of 92% after 2 years, 80% after 4 years, and 70% after 6 years of follow-up monitoring.^[36]In the same study, the authors reported an 18% rate of filter migration.

Did this answer your question?

Yes No

Additional feedback? (Optional)

Thank you for your feedback!

Taccone FS, Bunker N, Waldmann C, et al. A new device for the prevention of pulmonary embolism in critically ill patients: Results of the European Angel Catheter Registry. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015 Sep. 79(3):456-62. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, McCurdy JR, Brown PP, Elkins RC. A new intracaval filter permitting continued flow and resolution of emboli. Surgery. 1973 Apr. 73(4):599-606. [Medline].
Tadavarthy SM, Castaneda-Zuniga W, Salomonowitz E, et al. Kimray-Greenfield vena cava filter: percutaneous introduction. Radiology. 1984 May. 151(2):525-6. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC. Twenty-year clinical experience with the Greenfield filter. Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Apr. 3(2):199-205. [Medline].
Athanasoulis CA, Kaufman JA, Halpern EF, Waltman AC, Geller SC, Fan CM. Inferior vena caval filters: review of a 26-year single-center clinical experience. Radiology. 2000 Jul. 216(1):54-66. [Medline].
Kantor A, Glanz S, Gordon DH, Sclafani SJ. Percutaneous insertion of the Kimray-Greenfield filter: incidence of femoral vein thrombosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987 Nov. 149(5):1065-6. [Medline].
Proctor MC, Greenfield LJ, Cho KJ, Moursi MM, James EA. Assessment of apparent vena caval penetration by the Greenfield filter. J Endovasc Surg. 1998 Aug. 5(3):251-8. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Cho KJ, Proctor M, et al. Results of a multicenter study of the modified hook-titanium Greenfield filter. J Vasc Surg. 1991 Sep. 14(3):253-7. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Cho KJ, Tauscher JR. Evolution of hook design for fixation of the titanium Greenfield filter. J Vasc Surg. 1990 Sep. 12(3):345-53. [Medline].
Xenos ES, Minion DJ, Sorial EE, Endean ED. Endovascular retrieval of an intraaortic greenfield vena cava filter. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2008 Apr-May. 42(2):165-7. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Tauscher JR, Marx MV. Evaluation of a new percutaneous stainless steel Greenfield filter by intravascular ultrasonography. Surgery. 1991 Jun. 109(6):722-9. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC, Cho KJ, et al. Extended evaluation of the titanium Greenfield vena caval filter. J Vasc Surg. 1994 Sep. 20(3):458-64; discussion 464-5. [Medline].
Sweeney TJ, Van Aman ME. Deployment problems with the titanium Greenfield filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1993 Sep-Oct. 4(5):691-4. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC, Cho KJ, Wakefield TW. Limb asymmetry in titanium Greenfield filters: clinically significant?. J Vasc Surg. 1997 Nov. 26(5):770-5. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC, Roberts KR. An improved process for development and testing of vena caval filters: the percutaneous steel Greenfield filter. Surgery. 1997 Jan. 121(1):50-7. [Medline].
Johnson SP, Raiken DP, Grebe PJ, Diffin DC, Leyendecker JR. Single institution prospective evaluation of the over-the-wire Greenfield vena caval filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1998 Sep-Oct. 9(5):766-73. [Medline].
Kinney TB, Rose SC, Weingarten KE, Valji K, Oglevie SB, Roberts AC. IVC filter tilt and asymmetry: comparison of the over-the-wire stainless-steel and titanium Greenfield IVC filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997 Nov-Dec. 8(6):1029-37. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC, Michaels AJ, Taheri PA. Prophylactic vena caval filters in trauma: the rest of the story. J Vasc Surg. 2000 Sep. 32(3):490-5; discussion 496-7. [Medline].
Reed RA, Teitelbaum GP, Taylor FC, Pentecost MJ, Roehm JO. Use of the Bird's Nest filter in oversized inferior venae cavae. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1991 Nov. 2(4):447-50. [Medline].
Korbin CD, Reed RA, Taylor FC, Pentecost MJ, Teitelbaum GP. Comparison of filters in an oversized vena caval phantom: intracaval placement of a bird's nest filter versus biiliac placement of Greenfield, Vena Tech-LGM, and Simon nitinol filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1992 Aug. 3(3):559-64. [Medline].
Teitelbaum GP, McKay RH, Katz MD. Bird's nest filter placement within an enlarged hemiazygos vein for prevention of pulmonary embolism. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1993 Mar-Apr. 16(2):119-21. [Medline].
Shlansky-Goldberg R, Wing CM, LeVeen RF, Cope C. Effectiveness of a prolapsed bird's nest filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1993 Jul-Aug. 4(4):505-11. [Medline].
Roehm JO Jr, Thomas JW. The twist technique: a method to minimize wire prolapse during Bird's Nest filter placement. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1995 May-Jun. 6(3):455-9. [Medline].
Starok MS, Common AA. Follow-up after insertion of Bird's Nest inferior vena caval filters. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1996 Jun. 47(3):189-94. [Medline].
Wojtowycz MM, Stoehr T, Crummy AB, McDermott JC, Sproat IA. The Bird's Nest inferior vena caval filter: review of a single-center experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997 Mar-Apr. 8(2):171-9. [Medline].
Roehm JO Jr, Gianturco C, Barth MH, Wright KC. Percutaneous transcatheter filter for the inferior vena cava. A new device for treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism. Radiology. 1984 Jan. 150(1):255-7. [Medline].
Ferris EJ. George W. Holmes Lecture. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: correlative evaluation and therapeutic implications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992 Dec. 159(6):1149-55. [Medline].
Thomas JH, Cornell KM, Siegel EL, Sparks C, Rosenthal SJ. Vena caval occlusion after bird's nest filter placement. Am J Surg. 1998 Dec. 176(6):598-600. [Medline].
Nicholson AA, Ettles DF, Paddon AJ, Dyet JF. Long-term follow-up of the Bird's Nest IVC Filter. Clin Radiol. 1999 Nov. 54(11):759-64. [Medline].
Millward SF, Peterson RA, Moher D, et al. LGM (Vena Tech) vena caval filter: experience at a single institution. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1994 Mar-Apr. 5(2):351-6. [Medline].
Millward SF, Aquino J Jr, Peterson RA. Oversized inferior vena cava: use of a single Vena Tech--LGM filter. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1996 Aug. 47(4):272-4. [Medline].
Millward SF, Marsh JI, Peterson RA, et al. LGM (Vena Tech) vena cava filter: clinical experience in 64 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1991 Nov. 2(4):429-33. [Medline].
Reed RA, Teitelbaum GP, Taylor FC, et al. Incomplete opening of LGM (Vena Tech) filters inserted via the transjugular approach. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1991 Nov. 2(4):441-5. [Medline].
Murphy TP, Dorfman GS, Yedlicka JW, et al. LGM vena cava filter: objective evaluation of early results. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1991 Feb. 2(1):107-15. [Medline].
Crochet DP, Brunel P, Trogrlic S, Grossetete R, Auget JL, Dary C. Long-term follow-up of Vena Tech-LGM filter: predictors and frequency of caval occlusion. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1999 Feb. 10(2 Pt 1):137-42. [Medline].
Crochet DP, Stora O, Ferry D, et al. Vena Tech-LGM filter: long-term results of a prospective study. Radiology. 1993 Sep. 188(3):857-60. [Medline].
Le Blanche AF, Benazzouz A, Reynaud P, et al. The VenaTech LP permanent caval filter: effectiveness and safety in the prevention of pulmonary embolism--a European multicenter study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 Apr. 19(4):509-15. [Medline].
Simon M, Kaplow R, Salzman E, Freiman D. A vena cava filter using thermal shape memory alloy. Experimental aspects. Radiology. 1977 Oct. 125(1):87-94. [Medline].
Engmann E, Asch MR. Clinical experience with the antecubital Simon nitinol IVC filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1998 Sep-Oct. 9(5):774-8. [Medline].
Poletti PA, Becker CD, Prina L, et al. Long-term results of the Simon nitinol inferior vena cava filter. Eur Radiol. 1998. 8(2):289-94. [Medline].
Aswad MA, Sandager GP, Pais SO, et al. Early duplex scan evaluation of four vena caval interruption devices. J Vasc Surg. 1996 Nov. 24(5):809-18. [Medline].
Simon M, Athanasoulis CA, Kim D, et al. Simon nitinol inferior vena cava filter: initial clinical experience. Work in progress. Radiology. 1989 Jul. 172(1):99-103. [Medline].
Grassi CJ, Matsumoto AH, Teitelbaum GP. Vena caval occlusion after Simon nitinol filter placement: identification with MR imaging in patients with malignancy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1992 Aug. 3(3):535-9. [Medline].
Yallampalli S, Irani Z, Kalva SP. Endovascular removal of a permanent "TrapEase" inferior vena cava filter. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2013 Jul. 47(5):379-82. [Medline].
Davison BD, Grassi CJ. TrapEase inferior vena cava filter placed via the basilic arm vein: a new antecubital access. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002 Jan. 13(1):107-9. [Medline].
Stone PA, Aburahma AF, Hass SM, et al. TrapEase inferior vena cava filter placement: use of the subclavian vein. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2004 Nov-Dec. 38(6):505-9. [Medline].
Rousseau H, Perreault P, Otal P, et al. The 6-F nitinol TrapEase inferior vena cava filter: results of a prospective multicenter trial. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001 Mar. 12(3):299-304. [Medline].
Kalva SP, Wicky S, Waltman AC, Athanasoulis CA. TrapEase vena cava filter: experience in 751 patients. J Endovasc Ther. 2006 Jun. 13(3):365-72. [Medline].
Bruckheimer E, Judelman AG, Bruckheimer SD, Tavori I, Naor G, Katzen BT. In vitro evaluation of a retrievable low-profile nitinol vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003 Apr. 14(4):469-74. [Medline].
Kim HS, Young MJ, Narayan AK, Hong K, Liddell RP, Streiff MB. A comparison of clinical outcomes with retrievable and permanent inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 Mar. 19(3):393-9. [Medline].
Berczi V, Bottomley JR, Thomas SM, Taneja S, Gaines PA, Cleveland TJ. Long-term retrievability of IVC filters: should we abandon permanent devices?. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007 Sep-Oct. 30(5):820-7. [Medline].
Gunther RW, Neuerburg J, Mossdorf A, et al. New optional IVC filter for percutaneous retrieval--in vitro evaluation of embolus capturing efficiency. Rofo. 2005 May. 177(5):632-6. [Medline].
Janne d'Othee B, Faintuch S, Reedy AW, Nickerson CF, Rosen MP. Retrievable versus permanent caval filter procedures: when are they cost-effective for interventional radiology?. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 Mar. 19(3):384-92. [Medline].
Kaufman JA, Kinney TB, Streiff MB, et al. Guidelines for the use of retrievable and convertible vena cava filters: report from the Society of Interventional Radiology multidisciplinary consensus conference. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006 Mar. 17(3):449-59. [Medline].
Mahrer A, Zippel D, Garniek A, et al. Retrievable vena cava filters in major trauma patients: prevalence of thrombus within the filter. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008 Jul-Aug. 31(4):785-9. [Medline].
Oliva VL, Perreault P, Giroux MF, Bouchard L, Therasse E, Soulez G. Recovery G2 inferior vena cava filter: technical success and safety of retrieval. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 Jun. 19(6):884-9. [Medline].
Pellerin O, Barral FG, Lions C, Novelli L, Beregi JP, Sapoval M. Early and late retrieval of the ALN removable vena cava filter: results from a multicenter study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008 Sep-Oct. 31(5):889-96. [Medline].
Strauss EJ, Egol KA, Alaia M, Hansen D, Bashar M, Steiger D. The use of retrievable inferior vena cava filters in orthopaedic patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008 May. 90(5):662-7. [Medline].
Gyang E, Zayed M, Harris EJ, Lee JT, Dalman RL, Mell MW. Factors impacting follow-up care after placement of temporary inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Surg. 2013 Aug. 58(2):440-5. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Decousus H, Leizorovicz A, Parent F, et al. A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Prévention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 12. 338(7):409-15. [Medline].
Gaspard SF, Gaspard DJ. Retrievable inferior vena cava filters are rarely removed. Am Surg. 2009 May. 75(5):426-8. [Medline].
Buecker A, Behrendt FF, Knuchel R, et al. Long-term retrieval of modified Gunther Tulip vena cava Filters: an animal study. Invest Radiol. 2007 Oct. 42(10):692-6. [Medline].
De Gregorio MA, Gamboa P, Bonilla DL, et al. Retrieval of Gunther Tulip optional vena cava filters 30 days after implantation: a prospective clinical study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006 Nov. 17(11 Pt 1):1781-9. [Medline].
de Gregorio MA, Gamboa P, Gimeno MJ, et al. The Gunther Tulip retrievable filter: prolonged temporary filtration by repositioning within the inferior vena cava. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003 Oct. 14(10):1259-65. [Medline].
Hoppe H, Nutting CW, Smouse HR, et al. Günther Tulip filter retrievability multicenter study including CT follow-up: final report. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006 Jun. 17(6):1017-23. [Medline].
Looby S, Given MF, Geoghegan T, McErlean A, Lee MJ. Gunther Tulip retrievable inferior vena caval filters: indications, efficacy, retrieval, and complications. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007 Jan-Feb. 30(1):59-65. [Medline].
Ota S, Yamada N, Tsuji A, et al. The Gunther-Tulip retrievable IVC filter: clinical experience in 118 consecutive patients. Circ J. 2008 Feb. 72(2):287-92. [Medline].
Ray CE Jr, Mitchell E, Zipser S, Kao EY, Brown CF, Moneta GL. Outcomes with retrievable inferior vena cava filters: a multicenter study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006 Oct. 17(10):1595-604. [Medline].
Rosenthal D, Wellons ED, Hancock SM, Burkett AB. Retrievability of the Gunther Tulip vena cava filter after dwell times longer than 180 days in patients with multiple trauma. J Endovasc Ther. 2007 Jun. 14(3):406-10. [Medline].
Van Ha TG, Chien AS, Funaki BS, et al. Use of retrievable compared to permanent inferior vena cava filters: a single-institution experience. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008 Mar-Apr. 31(2):308-15. [Medline].
Wicky S, Doenz F, Meuwly JY, Portier F, Schnyder P, Denys A. Clinical experience with retrievable Günther Tulip vena cava filters. J Endovasc Ther. 2003 Oct. 10(5):994-1000. [Medline].
Yamagami T, Kato T, Hirota T, Yoshimatsu R, Matsumoto T, Nishimura T. Evaluation of retrievability of the Gunther tulip vena cava filter. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007 Mar-Apr. 30(2):226-31. [Medline].
Sag AA, Stavas JM, Burke CT, Dixon RG, Marquess JS, Mauro MA. Analysis of tilt of the Gunther Tulip filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 May. 19(5):669-76. [Medline].
Smouse HB, Rosenthal D, Thuong VH, et al. Long-term retrieval success rate profile for the Günther Tulip vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Jul. 20(7):871-7; quiz 878. [Medline].
Asch MR. Initial experience in humans with a new retrievable inferior vena cava filter. Radiology. 2002 Dec. 225(3):835-44. [Medline].
Grande WJ, Trerotola SO, Reilly PM, et al. Experience with the recovery filter as a retrievable inferior vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005 Sep. 16(9):1189-93. [Medline].
Kalva SP, Athanasoulis CA, Fan CM, et al. "Recovery" vena cava filter: experience in 96 patients. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2006 Jul-Aug. 29(4):559-64. [Medline].
Hull JE, Robertson SW. Bard Recovery filter: evaluation and management of vena cava limb perforation, fracture, and migration. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Jan. 20(1):52-60. [Medline].
Cantwell CP, Pennypacker J, Singh H, Scorza LB, Waybill PN, Lynch FC. Comparison of the recovery and G2 filter as retrievable inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Sep. 20(9):1193-9. [Medline].
Cantwell CP, Lynch FC. Caudal migration of a G2 filter during carbon dioxide cavography. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007 Jun. 18(6):814-5. [Medline].
Oliva VL, Perreault P, Giroux MF, Bouchard L, Therasse E, Soulez G. Recovery G2 inferior vena cava filter: technical success and safety of retrieval. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 Jun. 19(6):884-9. [Medline].
Charles HW, Black M, Kovacs S, et al. G2 inferior vena cava filter: retrievability and safety. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Aug. 20(8):1046-51. [Medline].
Binkert CA, Drooz AT, Caridi JG, et al. Technical success and safety of retrieval of the G2 filter in a prospective, multicenter study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Nov. 20(11):1449-53. [Medline].
Lynch FC, Kekulawela S. Removal of the G2 filter: differences between implantation times greater and less than 180 days. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Sep. 20(9):1200-9. [Medline].
Kuo WT, Loh CT, Sze DY. Emergency retrieval of a G2 filter after complete migration into the right ventricle. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007 Sep. 18(9):1177-82. [Medline].
Bui JT, West DL, Pinto C, Gramling-Babb P, Owens CA. Right ventricular migration and endovascular removal of an inferior vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 Jan. 19(1):141-4. [Medline].
Kim D, Schlam BW, Porter DH, Simon M. Insertion of the Simon nitinol caval filter: value of the antecubital vein approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991 Sep. 157(3):521-2. [Medline].
Keller IS, Meier C, Pfiffner R, Keller E, Pfammatter T. Clinical comparison of two optional vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007 Apr. 18(4):505-11. [Medline].
Oliva VL, Szatmari F, Giroux MF, Flemming BK, Cohen SA, Soulez G. The Jonas study: evaluation of the retrievability of the Cordis OptEase inferior vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005 Nov. 16(11):1439-45; quiz 1445. [Medline].
Rosenthal D, Swischuk JL, Cohen SA, Wellons ED. OptEase retrievable inferior vena cava filter: initial multicenter experience. Vascular. 2005 Sep-Oct. 13(5):286-9. [Medline].
Corriere MA, Sauve KJ, Ayerdi J, et al. Vena cava filters and inferior vena cava thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 2007 Apr. 45(4):789-94. [Medline].
Sadaf A, Rasuli P, Olivier A, et al. Significant caval penetration by the celect inferior vena cava filter: attributable to filter design?. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007 Nov. 18(11):1447-50. [Medline].
Doody O, Given MF, Kavnoudias H, Street M, Thomson KR, Lyon SM. Initial experience in 115 patients with the retrievable Cook Celect vena cava filter. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2009 Feb. 53(1):64-8. [Medline].
Rosenthal D, Kochupura PV, Wellons ED, Burkett AB, Methodius-Rayford WC. Günther Tulip and Celect IVC filters in multiple-trauma patients. J Endovasc Ther. 2009 Aug. 16(4):494-9. [Medline].
Sangwaiya MJ, Marentis TC, Walker TG, Stecker M, Wicky ST, Kalva SP. Safety and effectiveness of the celect inferior vena cava filter: preliminary results. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Sep. 20(9):1188-92. [Medline].
Lyon SM, Riojas GE, Uberoi R, et al. Short- and long-term retrievability of the Celect vena cava filter: results from a multi-institutional registry. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Nov. 20(11):1441-8. [Medline].
Mismetti P, Rivron-Guillot K, Quenet S, et al. A prospective long-term study of 220 patients with a retrievable vena cava filter for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest. 2007 Jan. 131(1):223-9. [Medline].
Pacouret G, Alison D, Pottier JM, Bertrand P, Charbonnier B. Free-floating thrombus and embolic risk in patients with angiographically confirmed proximal deep venous thrombosis. A prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Feb 10. 157(3):305-8. [Medline].
Moore FD Jr, Osteen RT, Karp DD, Steele G Jr, Wilson RE. Anticoagulants, venous thromboembolism, and the cancer patient. Arch Surg. 1981 Apr. 116(4):405-7. [Medline].
Opinions regarding the diagnosis and management of venous thromboembolic disease. ACCP Consensus Committee on Pulmonary Embolism. American College of Chest Physicians. Chest. 1998 Feb. 113(2):499-504. [Medline].
Sarosiek S, Crowther M, Sloan JM. Indications, complications, and management of inferior vena cava filters: the experience in 952 patients at an academic hospital with a level I trauma center. JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Apr 8. 173(7):513-7. [Medline].
Gorman PH, Qadri SF, Rao-Patel A. Prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement may increase the relative risk of deep venous thrombosis after acute spinal cord injury. J Trauma. 2009 Mar. 66(3):707-12. [Medline].
Gray RR, Sadler DJ, Shulman L, Saliken JC, So CB. Should anticoagulant therapy be stopped or reversed before venous intervention?. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1999 Oct. 50(5):306-9. [Medline].
Aidinian G, Fox CJ, White PW, Cox MW, Adams ED, Gillespie DL. Intravascular ultrasound--guided inferior vena cava filter placement in the military multitrauma patients: a single-center experience. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2009 Oct-Nov. 43(5):497-501. [Medline].
Joels CS, Sing RF, Heniford BT. Complications of inferior vena cava filters. Am Surg. 2003 Aug. 69(8):654-9. [Medline].
[Guideline] Ortel TL, Neumann I, Ageno W, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Blood Adv. 2020 Oct 13. 4(19):4693-738. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Couch GG, Johnston KW, Ojha M. An in vitro comparison of the hemodynamics of two inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Surg. 2000 Mar. 31(3):539-49. [Medline].
Domingo ML, Marti-Bonmati L, Dosda R, Pallardo Y. Interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with helical CT. Eur J Radiol. 2000 May. 34(2):136-40. [Medline].
Grassi CJ, Swan TL, Cardella JF, et al. Quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous permanent inferior vena cava filter placement for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003 Sep. 14(9 Pt 2):S271-5. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ. The PREPIC Study Group. Eight-year follow-up of patients with permanent vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism: the PREPIC (Prevention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave) Randomized Study. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther. 2006 Jun. 18(2):187-8. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Cho KJ, Proctor MC, Sobel M, Shah S, Wingo J. Late results of suprarenal Greenfield vena cava filter placement. Arch Surg. 1992 Aug. 127(8):969-73. [Medline].
Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC. Recurrent thromboembolism in patients with vena cava filters. J Vasc Surg. 2001 Mar. 33(3):510-4. [Medline].
Ko SH, Reynolds BR, Nicholas DH, et al. Institutional protocol improves retrievable inferior vena cava filter recovery rate. Surgery. 2009 Oct. 146(4):809-14; discussion 814-6. [Medline].
Leask RL, Johnston KW, Ojha M. Hemodynamic effects of clot entrapment in the TrapEase inferior vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004 May. 15(5):485-90. [Medline].
Lynch FC. Balloon-assisted removal of tilted inferior vena cava filters with embedded tips. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Sep. 20(9):1210-4. [Medline].
Pellerin O, Barral FG, Lions C, Novelli L, Beregi JP, Sapoval M. Early and late retrieval of the ALN removable vena cava filter: results from a multicenter study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008 Sep-Oct. 31(5):889-96. [Medline].
Rosenthal D, Wellons ED, Levitt AB, Shuler FW, O'Conner RE, Henderson VJ. Role of prophylactic temporary inferior vena cava filters placed at the ICU bedside under intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients with multiple trauma. J Vasc Surg. 2004 Nov. 40(5):958-64. [Medline].
Shi HJ, Huang YH, Shen T, Xu Q. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Eur J Radiol. 2009 Aug. 71(2):350-5. [Medline].
Smouse HB, Rosenthal D, Thuong VH, et al. Long-term retrieval success rate profile for the Günther Tulip vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Jul. 20(7):871-7; quiz 878. [Medline].
Smouse HB, Van Alstine WG, Mack S, McCann-Brown JA. Deployment performance and retrievability of the Cook Celect vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009 Mar. 20(3):375-83. [Medline].
Spencer FC, Quattlebaum JK, Quattlebaum JK Jr, Sharp EH, Jude JR. Plication of the inferior vena cava for pulmonary embolism: a report of 20 cases. Ann Surg. 1962 Jun. 155:827-37. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Terhaar OA, Lyon SM, Given MF, Foster AE, Mc Grath F, Lee MJ. Extended interval for retrieval of Günther Tulip filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004 Nov. 15(11):1257-62. [Medline].
Vrachliotis TG, Rabkin DJ, Lang EV. In vitro capturing characteristics of the TrapEase filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001. 12:S78.
West DL, Bui JT, Hanhan S, Owens CA. Percutaneous retrieval of a vena tech LP filter after failure of filter opening. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006 Apr. 17(4):739-41. [Medline].
Wittenberg G, Kueppers V, Tschammler A, Scheppach W, Kenn W, Hahn D. Long-term results of vena cava filters: experiences with the LGM and the Titanium Greenfield devices. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1998 May-Jun. 21(3):225-9. [Medline].
Yavuz K, Geyik S, Hoppe H, Kolbeck KJ, Kaufman JA. Venous thromboembolism after retrieval of inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 Apr. 19(4):504-8. [Medline].
Bartlett MA, Mauck KF, Daniels PR. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015. 11:461-77. [Medline].
Matusov Y, Weinberg AS, Liang R, Meza J, Friedman O, Tapson VF. Use of the bedside-placed Angel Catheter IVC filter for venous thromboembolic disease in critically ill medical patients. J Intensive Care Med. 2020 Mar. 35(3):225-32. [Medline].
Hayashi H, Tsuji A, Asano R, et al. Successful multi-step catheter intervention for thrombotic inferior vena cava filter retrieval. J Cardiol Cases. 2019 Oct. 20(4):142-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Schuchardt PA, Yasin JT, Davis RM, Tewari SO, Bhat AP. The role of an IVC filter retrieval clinic-A single center retrospective analysis. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2019 Oct-Dec. 29(4):391-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Media Gallery

Anteroposterior image from an inferior venacavographic examination demonstrates an inferior vena cava of normal diameter without thrombus. In addition, the inflow from the renal veins can be seen at the level of the L1 vertebral body.
Anteroposterior image from an inferior venacavographic examination demonstrates duplication of the inferior vena cava. The left-sided inferior vena cava drains into the left renal vein.
Anteroposterior image from an inferior venacavographic examination demonstrates a circumaortic left renal vein.
Bird's nest filter.
Greenfield filter.
Simon nitinol filter.
TrapEase filter.

of 7

What is a Vena Tech LGM inferior vena cava (IVC) filter?

Answer

Related Questions:

About

Membership

Apps

WebMD Network

Editions

What is a Vena Tech LGM inferior vena cava (IVC) filter?

Answer

Related Questions:

References

Tables

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Find Us On

About

Membership

Apps

WebMD Network

Editions