Taneja K, Williamson SR. Updates in pathologic staging and histologic grading of renal cell carcinoma. Surg Pathol Clin. 2018 Dec. 11 (4):797-812. [Medline].
Fuhrman SA, Lasky LC, Limas C. Prognostic significance of morphologic parameters in renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1982 Oct. 6(7):655-63. [Medline].
Delahunt B, Eble JN, Egevad L, Samaratunga H. Grading of renal cell carcinoma. Histopathology. 2019 Jan. 74 (1):4-17. [Medline].
Moch H. [The WHO/ISUP grading system for renal carcinoma] [German]. Pathologe. 2016 Jul. 37 (4):355-60. [Medline].
Dagher J, Delahunt B, Rioux-Leclercq N, et al. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: validation of World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology grading. Histopathology. 2017 Dec. 71 (6):918-25. [Medline].
Dagher J, Delahunt B, Rioux-Leclercq N, et al. Assessment of tumour-associated necrosis provides prognostic information additional to World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology grading for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Histopathology. 2019 Jan. 74 (2):284-90. [Medline].
Cheville JC, Blute ML, Zincke H, Lohse CM, Weaver AL. Stage pT1 conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinmoa: pathological features associated with cancer specific survival. J Urol. 2001 Aug. 166(2):453-6. [Medline].
Ficarra V, Righetti R, Martignoni G, et al. Prognostic value of renal cell carcinoma nuclear grading: multivariate analysis of 333 cases. Urol Int. 2001. 67(2):130-4. [Medline].
Grignon DJ, Ayala AG, el-Naggar A, et al. Renal cell carcinoma. A clinicopathologic and DNA flow cytometric analysis of 103 cases. Cancer. 1989 Nov 15. 64(10):2133-40. [Medline].
Skinner DG, Colvin RB, Vermillion CD, Pfister RC, Leadbetter WF. Diagnosis and management of renal cell carcinoma. A clinical and pathologic study of 309 cases. Cancer. 1971 Nov. 28(5):1165-77. [Medline].
Srigley JR, Hutter RV, Gelb AB, et al. Current prognostic factors--renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 4. Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer. 1997 Sep 1. 80(5):994-6. [Medline].
Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Dorey F, et al. Improved prognostication of renal cell carcinoma using an integrated staging system. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 15. 19(6):1649-57. [Medline].
Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Wieder J, et al. Risk group assessment and clinical outcome algorithm to predict the natural history of patients with surgically resected renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Dec 1. 20(23):4559-66. [Medline].
Frank I, Blute ML, Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Weaver AL, Zincke H. An outcome prediction model for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with radical nephrectomy based on tumor stage, size, grade and necrosis: the SSIGN score. J Urol. 2002 Dec. 168(6):2395-400. [Medline].
Karakiewicz PI, Briganti A, Chun FK, et al. Multi-institutional validation of a new renal cancer-specific survival nomogram. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Apr 10. 25(11):1316-22. [Medline].
Ficarra V, Martignoni G, Maffei N, et al. Original and reviewed nuclear grading according to the Fuhrman system: a multivariate analysis of 388 patients with conventional renal cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2005 Jan 1. 103(1):68-75. [Medline].
Sun M, Lughezzani G, Jeldres C, et al. A proposal for reclassification of the Fuhrman grading system in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2009 Nov. 56(5):775-81. [Medline].
Rioux-Leclercq N, Karakiewicz PI, Trinh QD, et al. Prognostic ability of simplified nuclear grading of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1. 109(5):868-74. [Medline].
Smith ZL, Pietzak EJ, Meise CK, et al. Simplification of the Fuhrman grading system for renal cell carcinoma. Can J Urol. 2015 Dec. 22(6):8069-73. [Medline].
Becker A, Hickmann D, Hansen J, et al. Critical analysis of a simplified Fuhrman grading scheme for prediction of cancer specific mortality in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma--Impact on prognosis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016 Mar. 42(3):419-25. [Medline].
Sika-Paotonu D, Bethwaite PB, McCredie MR, William Jordan T, Delahunt B. Nucleolar grade but not Fuhrman grade is applicable to papillary renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006 Sep. 30(9):1091-6. [Medline].
Delahunt B. Advances and controversies in grading and staging of renal cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2009 Jun. 22 suppl 2:S24-36. [Medline].
Delahunt B, Sika-Paotonu D, Bethwaite PB, et al. Fuhrman grading is not appropriate for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007 Jun. 31(6):957-60. [Medline].
Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA, eds. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2004.
Sun X, Liu L, Xu K, et al. Prediction of ISUP grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma using support vector machine model based on CT images. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Apr. 98 (14):e15022. [Medline]. [Full Text].