Author
William M Edwards, Jr, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine
William M Edwards, Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American Medical Association, Southern Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
Terrence X O'Brien, MD, MS, FACC Professor of Medicine/Cardiology, Director, Clinical Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine; Director, Echocardiography Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Charleston
Terrence X O'Brien, MD, MS, FACC is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Failure Society of America, South Carolina Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
John L Parks, MD Fellow, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine
John L Parks, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Hugh D Allen, MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine
Hugh D Allen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Pediatric Society, American Society of Echocardiography, Society for Pediatric Research, Society of Pediatric Echocardiography, and Western Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Stuart Berger, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Chief of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Director of Pediatric Heart Transplant Program, Medical Director of The Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Stuart Berger, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American Heart Association, and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Charles I Berul, MD Professor of Pediatrics and Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center
Charles I Berul, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Cardiac Electrophysiology Society, Heart Rhythm Society, Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society, and Society for Pediatric Research
Disclosure: Johnson & Johnson Consulting fee Consulting
Christopher Johnsrude, MD, MS Chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Director, Congenital Heart Center, Kosair Children's Hospital
Christopher Johnsrude, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Cardiology
Disclosure: St Jude Medical Honoraria Speaking and teaching
Renee E Margossian, MD Instructor, Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard University; Consulting Staff, Department of Cardiology, Boston Medical Center and Brigham and Women's Hospital
Renee E Margossian, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, and Heart Failure Society of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose
Ronald J Oudiz, MD, FACP, FACC, FCCP Professor of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Director, Liu Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Division of Cardiology, LA Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Ronald J Oudiz, MD, FACP, FACC, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, and American Thoracic Society
Disclosure: Actelion Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; Encysive Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; Gilead Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; Pfizer Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; United Therapeutics Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; Lilly Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; LungRx Clinical Trials + honoraria; Bayer Grant/research funds Consulting
Weems R Pennington III, MD Cardiology Fellow, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Kurt Pflieger, MD, FAAP Active Staff, Department of Pediatrics, Lake Pointe Medical Center
Kurt Pflieger, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Heart Association, and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Darren S Sidney, MD, MS Electrophysiology Fellow, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Brian D Soriano, MD, FASE, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, Seattle Children’s Hospital
Brian D Soriano is a member of the following medical societies: American Heart Association, American Medical Association, and American Society of Echocardiography
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment
Eric Vanderbush, MD, FACC Chief, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harlem Hospital Center; Clinical Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Eric Vanderbush, MD, FACC is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments for this work include support by the Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
