Author
Michael Neumeister, MD, FRCSC, FACS Chairman, Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Director of Hand/Microsurgery Fellowship Program, Chief of Microsurgery and Research, Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Michael Neumeister, MD, FRCSC, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Hand Surgery, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons, Illinois State Medical Society, Illinois State Medical Society, Ontario Medical Association, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Society of University Surgeons, American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
John A Kare, MD Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science; Director of Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Martin Luther King Jr/Charles R Drew Medical Center
John A Kare, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Residents' Association, American Medical Student Association/Foundation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Robert J Nowinski, DO Clinical Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine; Private Practice, Orthopedic and Neurological Consultants, Inc, Columbus, Ohio
Robert J Nowinski, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Medical Association, Ohio State Medical Association, Ohio Osteopathic Association, American College of Osteopathic Surgeons, American Osteopathic Association
Disclosure: Received grant/research funds from Tornier for other; Received honoraria from Tornier for speaking and teaching.
Roberto Sandoval, MD Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Anaheim Memorial Medical Center, La Palma Intercommunity Hospital
Roberto Sandoval, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Joseph E Sheppard, MD Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Chief of Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, University Physicians Healthcare
Joseph E Sheppard, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Orthopaedics Overseas, American Society for Surgery of the Hand
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Roman V Voytsekhovskiy, MD Fellow in Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Eleby R Washington, III, MD, FACS Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science
Eleby R Washington, III, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, International College of Surgeons, National Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD Leonard J Weiner Professor and Chief of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Residency Program Director, Hiram C Polk Jr Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine
Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association for Hand Surgery, American Association of Clinical Anatomists, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association for Surgical Education, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Wound Healing Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
David W Chang, MD, FACS Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
Joseph A Molnar, MD, PhD, FACS Medical Director, Wound Care Center, Associate Director of Burn Unit, Professor, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Joseph A Molnar, MD, PhD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, North Carolina Medical Society, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Peripheral Nerve Society, Wound Healing Society, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Received grant/research funds from Clinical Cell Culture for co-investigator; Received honoraria from Integra Life Sciences for speaking and teaching; Received honoraria from Healogics for board membership; Received honoraria from Anika Therapeutics for consulting; Received honoraria from Food Matters for consulting.
Additional Contributors
Anthony E Sudekum, MD Consulting Staff, Department of Plastic Surgery, St John's Mercy Health Center of St Louis
Anthony E Sudekum, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, Missouri State Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Robert R Schenck, MD Professor Emeritus, Department of Plastic Surgery, Rush Medical College; Emeritus Director, Section of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center
Robert R Schenck, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Hand Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, Chicago Medical Society, Illinois State Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Minh-Doan Nguyen, MD, to the development and writing of a source article.
