Which medications in the drug class Antidiabetics, Amylinomimetics are used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer

Antidiabetics, Amylinomimetics

These agents mimic endogenous amylin effects by delaying gastric emptying, decreasing postprandial glucagon release, and modulating appetite.

Pramlintide (Symlin, SymlinPen 120, SymlinPen 60)

This agent is a synthetic analogue of human amylin, a naturally occurring hormone made in pancreatic beta cells. It slows gastric emptying, suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion, and regulates food intake because of centrally mediated appetite modulation.

Pramlintide is indicated for the treatment of type 1 or type 2 diabetes in combination with insulin. It is administered before mealtime in patients who have not achieved desired glucose control despite optimal insulin therapy. It helps to achieve lower blood glucose levels after meals, less fluctuation of blood glucose levels during the day, and improvement of long-term control of glucose levels (ie, HbA1C levels), compared with insulin alone. Additionally, less insulin use and a reduction in body weight are observed.

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Media Gallery

Simplified scheme for the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in various racial and ethnic groups in the United States (2007-2009 data).
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 by age in the United States (2007 estimates).
Possible physical examination findings in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Diagnostic criteria (American Diabetes Association) for diabetes mellitus type 2.
Major findings from the primary glucose study in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS).
Results from metformin substudy in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS).
Findings from the blood pressure substudy in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS).
Laboratory monitoring guidelines for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
American Diabetes Association guidelines for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes mellitus type 2.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Types of insulin. Premixed insulins can be assumed to have a combination of the onset, peak, and duration of the individual components.
Simplified scheme for using insulin in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Simplified scheme of idealized blood glucose values and multiple dose insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Author

Romesh Khardori, MD, PhD, FACP Professor of Endocrinology, Director of Training Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Strelitz Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School

Romesh Khardori, MD, PhD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, Endocrine Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

George T Griffing, MD Professor Emeritus of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine

George T Griffing, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, American College of Medical Practice Executives, American Association for Physician Leadership, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, American Heart Association, Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research, Endocrine Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Howard A Bessen, MD Professor of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Program Director, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center

Howard A Bessen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians