Answer
Answer
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a childhood (onset, age 3–5 y) epileptic encephalopathy that manifests with atonic seizures, tonic seizures, and atypical absence seizures associated with mental retardation and a characteristic electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern. Infantile spasms and West syndrome frequently transform into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. However, unlike West syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome tends to be a lifelong epileptic encephalopathy.
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Media Gallery
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating hypsarrhythmia in infantile spasms. Note the chaotic high-amplitude background.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating hypsarrhythmia. Note the electrodecremental response that is associated with a spasm in infantile spasms (ie, West syndrome).
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Slow (< 2.5 Hz) electroencephalographic spike and wave discharges associated with atypical absence seizures (ie, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome).
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Slow (< 2.5 Hz) electroencephalographic spike and wave discharges in atypical absence epilepsy (ie, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome).
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Typical 3-Hz electroencephalographic spike and wave discharges seen in absence epilepsy.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating absence epilepsy. Anteriorly dominant, typical 3-Hz spike and wave discharges.
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Benign rolandic epilepsy associated with typical centrotemporal electroencephalographic spikes.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating benign rolandic epilepsy. Note the characteristic spike and waves seen in drowsiness.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating polyspike and wave discharges seen in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating polyspike and wave response produced by photic stimulation.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating polyspike and wave discharges, which can be seen in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating paroxysmal fast activity as can be seen in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating interictal pattern (sharp waves) in left temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating interictal pattern of independent left and right temporal sharp waves, which can be seen in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a left temporal lobe seizure (beginning) with 2-3 Hz rhythmic delta activity.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a left temporal lobe seizure (middle), evolving to rhythmic theta activity.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a left temporal lobe seizure (end), further evolving to diffuse delta activity prior to abrupt cessation.
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Electroencephalogram of a right occipital lobe seizure (beginning); 4-5 Hz repetitive sharp waves (maximal T6/O2).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating spike-wave complexes as can be seen in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating right temporal lobe seizure (beginning); rhythmic delta activity evolving to rhythmic theta activity over the right temporal region.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a right temporal lobe seizure (middle); continued right temporal rhythmic theta activity.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a right temporal lobe seizure (end), resolution of right temporal rhythmic theta.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating interictal pattern of extratemporal spikes (left hemispheric spike and wave).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating interictal pattern of extratemporal spikes (right posterior spikes, temporoparietal).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating interictal pattern of extratemporal spikes (left posterior spikes, temporoparietal).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating repetitive central spikes (maximal Cz).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating repetitive central sharp waves (maximal Cz).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating repetitive left frontocentral sharp waves (maximal Cz).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a left fronto-central seizure (beginning); rhythmic 14-16 Hz activity (maximal Cz and C3).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a left fronto-central seizure (end); evolution to rhythmic 11-12 Hz activity with slightly higher amplitude with abrupt cessation.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a right frontal lobe seizure (beginning); rhythmic 2-3 Hz activity (maximal Fp2).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a right frontal lobe seizure (maximal Fp2) (end).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a right frontal lobe seizure (beginning); repetitive ~3 Hz sharp waves (maximal F4/F8).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a right frontal lobe seizure (middle); repetitive ~3 Hz sharp waves (maximal F4/F8).
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a right frontal lobe seizure (end); rhythmic sharply contoured ~2 Hz bi-frontal delta activity.
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Electroencephalogram of a right occipital lobe seizure (middle); repetitive sharp waves evolve to rhythmic theta in the right occipital region.
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Electroencephalogram of a right occipital lobe seizure (end); obscured by EMG artifact.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrating a run of generalized polyspikes, which are more left predominant and can be seen in idiopathic generalized epilepsies.
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Typical absence seizure with 3-4 Hz rhythmic generalized spike and wave discharges with abrupt onset and end.
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Electroencephalogram demonstrates bilateral repetitive occipital sharp waves ~1Hz frequency.
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