What are possible complications of tinea pedis (athlete's foot)?

1. Pellizzari C. Recherche sur Trichophyton tonsurans. G Ital Mal Veneree. 1888. 29:8.

2. Lopez-Martinez R, Manzano-Gayosso P, Hernandez-Hernandez F, Bazan-Mora E, Mendez-Tovar LJ. Dynamics of dermatophytosis frequency in Mexico: an analysis of 2084 cases. Med Mycol. 2009 Nov 3. [Medline].

3. Kutlubay Z, Yardımcı G, Kantarcıoğlu AS, Serdaroğlu S. Acral manifestations of fungal infections. Clin Dermatol. 2017 Jan - Feb. 35 (1):28-39. [Medline].

4. Goto T, Nakagami G, Takehara K, Nakamura T, Kawashima M, Tsunemi Y, et al. Examining the accuracy of visual diagnosis of tinea pedis and tinea unguium in aged care facilities. J Wound Care. 2017 Apr 2. 26 (4):179-183. [Medline].

5. Zhan P, Ge YP, Lu XL, She XD, Li ZH, Liu WD. A case-control analysis and laboratory study of the two feet-one hand syndrome in two dermatology hospitals in China. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009 Oct 23. [Medline].

6. Leyden JJ. Progression of interdigital infections from simplex to complex. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993 May. 28(5 Pt 1):S7-S11. [Medline].

7. Gentles JC. The isolation of dermatophytes from the floors of communal bathing places. J Clin Pathol. 1956 Nov. 9(4):374-7. [Medline].

8. Gentles JC, Evans EG. Foot infections in swimming baths. Br Med J. 1973 Aug 4. 3(5874):260-2. [Medline].

9. Gul U, Cakmak SK, Ozel S, Bingol P, Kaya K. Skin disorders in patients with hemiplegia and papaplegia. J Rehabil Med. 2009 Jul. 41(8):681-3. [Medline].

10. Bristow IR, Spruce MC. Fungal foot infection, cellulitis and diabetes: a review. Diabet Med. 2009 May. 26(5):548-51. [Medline].

11. Tsunemi Y. Dermatophyte Antigen Kit. Med Mycol J. 2017. 58 (2):J51-J54. [Medline].

12. Parish LC, Parish JL, Routh HB, Fleischer AB Jr, Avakian EV, Plaum S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled efficacy and safety study of naftifine 2% cream in the treatment of tinea pedis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011 Nov 1. 10(11):1282-8. [Medline].

13. Weinberg JM, Koestenblatt EK. Treatment of interdigital tinea pedis: once-daily therapy with sertaconazole nitrate. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011 Oct 1. 10(10):1135-40. [Medline].

14. Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Tur-Tur C, Cárdenes DC, Estivill D, Giusiano G. Sertaconazole nitrate shows fungicidal and fungistatic activities against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum, causative agents of tinea pedis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Sep. 55(9):4420-1. [Medline]. [Full Text].

15. Luzu (luliconazole topical cream 1%). [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LCC. February, 2018. Available at [Full Text].

16. Gupta AK, Cvetkovic D, Abramovits W, Vincent KD. LUZU (luliconazole) 1% cream. Skinmed. 2014 Mar-Apr. 12(2):90-3. [Medline].

17. Stein Gold LF, Parish LC, Vlahovic T, Plaum S, Kircik L, Fleischer AB Jr, et al. Efficacy and safety of naftifine HCl Gel 2% in the treatment of interdigital and moccasin type tinea pedis: pooled results from two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trials. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013 Aug. 12(8):911-8. [Medline].

18. Kircik LH, Onumah N. Use of naftifine hydrochloride 2% cream and 39% urea cream in the treatment of tinea pedis complicated by hyperkeratosis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014 Feb. 13(2):162-5. [Medline].

19. Gupta AK, Baran R, Summerbell R. Onychomycosis: strategies to improve efficacy and reduce recurrence. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2002 Nov. 16(6):579-86. [Medline].

20. Matricciani L, Talbot K, Jones S. Safety and efficacy of tinea pedis and onychomycosis treatment in people with diabetes: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2011 Dec 4. 4:26. [Medline]. [Full Text].

21. Elewski BE, Vlahovic TC. Econazole nitrate foam 1% for the treatment of tinea pedis: results from two double-blind, vehicle-controlled, phase 3 clinical trials. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014 Jul 1. 13(7):803-8. [Medline].

22. Savin R, De Villez RL, Elewski B, et al. One-week therapy with twice-daily butenafine 1% cream versus vehicle in the treatment of tinea pedis: a multicenter, double-blind trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Feb. 36(2 Pt 1):S15-9. [Medline].

23. Chen S, Ran Y, Dai Y, Lama J, Hu W, Zhang C. Administration of Oral Itraconazole Capsule with Whole Milk Shows Enhanced Efficacy As Supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy in a Child with Tinea Capitis Due to Microsporum canis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2015 Oct 8. [Medline].

24. Schreuder MF, van de Kar NC, Brüggemann RJ. Drug-Drug Interactions in Treatment Using Azole Antifungal Agents. JAMA. 2016 Jun 21. 315 (23):2622. [Medline].

25. Yamada T, Maeda M, Alshahni MM, Tanaka R, Yaguchi T, Bontems O, et al. Terbinafine Resistance of Trichophyton Clinical Isolates Caused by Specific Point Mutations in the Squalene Epoxidase Gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Jul. 61 (7):[Medline].

26. Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, et al. Dermatology. New York, NY: Mosby; 2003. 1174-85.

27. Weidman FD. Laboratory aspects of epidermophytosis. Arch Dermatol. 1927. 15:415-50.

Courtney M Robbins, MD Dermatologist, Associated Dermatologists, Birmingham, AL

Courtney M Robbins, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Women's Dermatologic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Boni E Elewski, MD Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Boni E Elewski, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD Dermatologic/Mohs Surgeon, The Surgery Center at Plano Dermatology

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lester F Libow, MD Dermatopathologist, South Texas Dermatopathology Laboratory

Lester F Libow, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dirk M Elston, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine

Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Gregory J Raugi, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington at Seattle School of Medicine; Chief, Dermatology Section, Primary and Specialty Care Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center of Seattle

Gregory J Raugi, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.