SOURCE: Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. 1994 Jan (revised 2001)

SOURCE: American Psychiatric Association. 1996 Dec (reviewed 2000)

SOURCE: University of Iowa College of Medicine, 1998

SOURCE: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. 1998 June (revised 2000 Jun)

Asthma is a major, chronic airway disorder that is a serious public health problem in countries throughout the world. Asthma affects people of all ages, can be severe, and is sometimes fatal. Over 100 million people worldwide have asthma, and the prevalence is increasing among children.
SOURCE: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and World Health Organization Workshop Report, 1995

This guide presents basic recommendations for the diagnosis and management of asthma that will help clinicians and patients make appropriate decisions about asthma care.
SOURCE: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1998

SOURCE: American Diabetes Association, 2001

SOURCE: United States Preventive Services Task Force. 1996

SOURCE: American Diabetes Association. 2000

This is an update of a previously published guideline summary.
SOURCE: American Diabetes Association. (revised 1999; republished 2000)

SOURCE: American Diabetes Association, 2001

This is an update of a previously published guideline summary.
SOURCE: American Diabetes Association.2000

SOURCE: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine

SOURCE: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine

SOURCE: American Urological Association, Inc.1999

To achieve a sustained reduction in hepatitis A rates, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has published these revisions to the 1996 recommendations.
SOURCE: MMWR. October 01, 1999 / 48(RR12);1-37

SOURCE: Am Fam Physician January 1, 1998

SOURCE: Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Inc. 1998 Jun 3 (revised 2000 Jan)

There are 97 million adults in the US who are considered overweight. Obesity and overweight increase the risk of morbidity from hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems and certain cancers.
SOURCE: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1998

Recognizing the central and growing role of diagnostic technologies for AMI and for acute cardiac ischemia (ACI) in general (including both unstable angina pectoris and AMI) in emergency settings, which represent patients' entry points into the health care system, in 1994 the NHAAP Working Group on Evaluation of Technologies for Identifying Acute Cardiac Ischemia in the Emergency Department was formed to assess the utility of diagnostic technologies for ACI/AMI in the emergency department. This report summarizes the Working Group's assessment of the diagnostic performance and impact on care of those technologies.
SOURCE: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Heart Attack Alert Program Working Group, 1997

SOURCE: Circulation 1997;96:2751-2753

SOURCE: American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee, April 1998

SOURCE: Circulation 1998;97:1876-1887

SOURCE: United States Preventive Services Task Force. 2001

SOURCE: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. 1995 Nov 1 (reviewed 2000)

SOURCE: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, 1996

SOURCE: National High Blood Pressure Education Program/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.). 1997

SOURCE: Nutrition Screening Initiative. 1998

SOURCE: College of American Pathologists. 2000 January

SOURCE: CHEST. Volume 119/Number 1 Supplement/January, 2001

This report provides updated information concerning the potential adverse events associated with vaccination for hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
SOURCE: National Immunization Program and Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 1995

SOURCE: United States Preventive Services Task Force. 1996

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000

This report updates the 2000 recommendations issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001

SOURCE: American Diabetes Association, 2001

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998

SOURCE: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. 1995 May (revised 2000 Jan)

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000

SOURCE: United States Preventive Services Task Force. 2001

SOURCE: Public Health Service (U.S.). 2000

SOURCE: American Academy of Pediatrics. 2000

SOURCE: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997

SOURCE: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1998

SOURCE: American Psychiatric Association. 1993 (updated 2000 Jan)

Although the number of chronic VAIs in acute care hospitals is small relative to the total number of patients receiving mechanical ventilation, VAIs consume a disproportionate share of health-care expenditures and occupy ICU beds for prolonged periods. VAIs, therefore, pose a unique set of questions for the health-care team.
SOURCE: Joint statement by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Chest Physicians, the American Thoracic Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, 1998

Cough can (a) be an important defense mechanism to help clear excessive secretions and foreign material from airways; (b) be an important factor in the spread of infection; (c)maintain consciousness during potentially lethal arrhythmias and/or convert arrhythmias to more normal cardiac rhythms; and (d) present as one of the most common symptoms for which patients seek medical attention and spend health-care dollars.
SOURCE: Joint statement by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Chest Physicians, the American Thoracic Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, 1998

In the United States, the overall prevalence of COPD in adult white populations is 4 to 6% in men and 1 to 3% in women. In persons older than 55 years, COPD is recognized in approximately 10 to 15%., As of 1985, the prevalence rates of COPD in adults 65 years and older was 167/1,000 in men and 126/1,000 in women. Recent trends suggest that disease prevalence is stable to decreasing in men, but increasing among women. The 1993 National Health Interview Survey estimated that 14 million adults had chronic bronchitis and 2 million had emphysema.
SOURCE: American College of Chest Physicians and American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 1997

This document updates and replaces CDC's previously published 'Guideline for Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia.'
SOURCE: National Center for Infectious Diseases and Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 1997

The recommendations contained in this report update and expand previously published recommendations for preventing and controlling tuberculosis (TB) in correctional facilities (MMWR 1989;38:313-20, 325).
SOURCE: Division of Tuberculosis Elimination National Center for Prevention Services and Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis, 1995

Delivery of therapeutic aerosols to the upper airway including the nose, pharynx, and larynx--therapeutic aerosols are indicated for upper airway inflammation, anesthesia, rhinitis, and administration of medications for systemic effect.
SOURCE: American Association for Respiratory Care Clinical Practice Guidelines, 1994

Directed cough (DC) to clear or mobilize secretions is a component of bronchial hygiene therapy when spontaneous cough is inadequate. Directed Cough is a deliberate maneuver that is taught, supervised, and monitored. Forced expiratory technique (FET, or huff cough) and manually assisted cough are examples of directed cough.
SOURCE: American Association for Respiratory Care Clinical Practice Guidelines, 1993

The selection of a device for administration of pharmacologically active aerosol to the lower airway. The device selected should produce particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2-5 microns.
SOURCE: American Association for Respiratory Care Clinical Practice Guidelines, 1992

SOURCE: World Health Organization (WHO) - International Agency and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.).

SOURCE: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine

SOURCE: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine

SOURCE: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine

The purpose of this consensus report was to address clinically relevant questions related to the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis.
SOURCE: Joint statement by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Chest Physicians, the American Thoracic Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, 1998

Recommendations for or against preventive intervention regarding whether the condition should be specifically considered in periodic health examinations.
SOURCE: United States Preventive Services Task Force, 1996

Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism constitute major health problems that result in significant morbidity and mortality in the United States.
SOURCE: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement, 1986

SOURCE: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology. 1997 (revised 1998)

SOURCE: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U.S.). 1998

SOURCE: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology. 1996

SOURCE: The North American Menopause Society. 2000

SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000