Figure 1. HER-2/neu testing in breast cancer. A, Immunohistochemical analysis using the HercepTest system (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA) with continuous membranous 3+ positive immunostaining for HER-2/neu protein (×400). B, HER-2/neu gene amplification detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (PathVysion, Vysis, Downers Grove, IL). Note individual signals and clusters of red signals indicating the presence of numerous additional copies of the HER-2/neu gene against the 1 or 2 green chromosome 17 centromere signals (×1,000). (Image courtesy of Kenneth J. Bloom, MD.)

Figure 2. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in prostate cancer. A, PSMA overexpression in a bone from an autopsy of a 61-year-old man with initially organ-confined Gleason 7 prostate cancer that relapsed after prostatectomy and progressed to hormone-refractory metastatic disease (peroxidase-antiperoxidase using 7E11 anti-PSMA antibody, ×200). B, Metastatic prostate cancer imaged with indium 111-labeled anti-PSMA using the J-591_EXT antibody. Note the numerous radioimmunodetected bone metastases.

Figure 3. Targeting the proteasome with bortezomib. Preclinical demonstration of the inhibition of the nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) pathway by bortezomib. Mice 1, 2, and 3 on the left were implanted with the 293 NFκB luciferase reporter cell xenografts. The tumors were grown for 3 weeks. Mouse 4 on the right was tumor-naive. Mouse 1 received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of saline. Mouse 2 received an IP injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate the NFκB pathway. In mouse 3, 1.0 mg/kg of bortezomib was injected intravenously before the IP LPS injection. The Xenogen biophotonic imaging system (Xenogen, Alameda, CA) reveals the suppression of the NFκB pathway activity at 2.5 hours after bortezomib treatment.