Age (yrs), Sex	Daily Drug Dose	Treatment	Outcome	Concomitant Psychiatric or Medical Conditions
67, M[2]	Midazolam 15 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.5 mg i.v.	Restlessness resolved	Coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation
66, M[2]	Midazolam 3 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.3 mg i.v.	Restlessness resolved	Obstructive lung disease, alcoholism
65, M[2]	Midazolam 18 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.4 mg i.v.	Body rocking resolved	None noted
73, M[2]	Midazolam 6 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.4 mg i.v.	Restlessness resolved	Diabetes mellitus
70, M[2]	Midazolam 6 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.3 mg i.v.	Restlessness, vocalizations resolved	Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease
76, M[2]	Midazolam 9 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.3 mg i.v.	Restlessness, vocalizations resolved	Diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation
28, M (twins)[3]	Midazolam 12 mg i.v.	None	Restlessness resolved and retained amnesia	None noted
	Diazepam 10 mg p.o.	None	Restlessness resolved and retained amnesia	None noted
22, F[4]	Midazolam 18 mg i.v.	None	Abusive, belligerent behavior ceased within 24 hrs	Alcoholism, anger management issues
32, F[5]	Alprazolam 1.5 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Racing thoughts, increased energy resolved in 48-72 hrs	Depressive bipolar disease
34, M[5]	Alprazolam 3 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Racing thoughts, paranoid feelings resolved in 72 hrs	Anxiety, panic attacks
32, F[5]	Alprazolam 1 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Racing thoughts and insomnia resolved in 48 hours	Panic attacks
37, M[6]	Clonazepam 12 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Aggressive behavior ceased	Bipolar affective disorder
25, M[6]	Clonazepam 4.5 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Hyperactivity, belligerence ceased	Bipolar affective disorder
19, M[6]	Clonazepam 4 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Agitation ceased	Borderline personality disorder
31, M[7]	Midazolam 5 mg i.v.	Sodium amobarbital 200 mg i.m.	Combative, verbally threatening behavior ceased	Anger management issues
22, F[8]	Lorazepam 3 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Hostile behavior resolved	Phobia of elevators and escalators
28, F[9]	Diazepam 20 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Improvement of hostile, physical abuse in 48-72 hrs	Depression, anxiety
30, F[10]	Temazepam 30 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Anger and enraged behavior ceased	Manic-depression
30, M[10]	Temazepam 30 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Anger and agitation resolved, no recollection of events	Chronic insomnia
37, M[10]	Temazepam 30 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Anger resolved	Schizophrenia
39, F[10]	Temazepam 15-30 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Agitation and restlessness resolved	Obsessive-compulsive symptoms
75, F[10]	Triazolam 0.5 mg p.o. every other night	Discontinued	Agitation and nervousness resolved	Chronic insomnia
40, M[10]	Triazolam 1-1.5 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Anger, panic, visual hallucinations ceased	Chronic insomnia
60, F[10]	Triazolam 0.5-1 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Anger and argumentative behaviors ceased	Chronic insomnia
29, F[10]	Triazolam 0.5 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Anxiety and agitation resolved	Chronic insomnia
64, F[10]	Triazolam 0.5 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Bizarre behaviors ceased	Chronic insomnia
56, F[10]	Triazolam 0.5 mg p.o. at bedtime	Discontinued	Agitation ceased over 2 days	Chronic insomnia
37, M[11]	Clonazepam 8 mg p.o.	Discontinued	Irritability, hyperactivity ceased	Manic episodes, panic attacks
50, M[12]	Midazolam 6 mg i.v.	Haloperidol 10 mg i.v.	Patient calmed, retained amnesia	Coronary artery disease
49, F[13]	Midazolam 12 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.5 mg i.v.	Aggressive behavior ceased, retained amnesia	None noted
71, M[14]	Midazolam 4 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.2 mg i.v.	Patient calmed, retained amnesia	Anger management issues
27, M[15]	Midazolam 7 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.3 mg i.v.	Patient calmed, retained amnesia	None noted
62, M[16]	Midazolam 5 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.5 mg i.v.	Patient calmed, retained amnesia	Alcoholism
58, F[16]	Midazolam 7.5 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.5 mg i.v.	Patient calmed, retained amnesia	Alcoholism
26, M[16]	Midazolam 10 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.5 mg i.v.	Patient calmed, retained amnesia	None noted
19, F[17]	Midazolam 5 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.2 mg i.v.	Crying ceased, retained amnesia	None noted
21, F[17]	Midazolam 7 mg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.4 mg i.v.	Crying ceased, retained amnesia	None noted

No. of Patients	Age (yrs)	Sex	Drug, Maximum Dose	Treatment	Outcome
14[18]	2-7	NR	Midazolama 0.35 mg/kg (n=4) Midazolama 0.45 mg/kg (n=10)	None	Agitation, restlessness resolved
1[19]	26 mos	F	Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg p.o.	Morphine sulfate 0.1 mg/kg i.v.	Calmed, ceased crying
1[20]	11	M	Midazolam 17.5 mg p.o.	Flumazenil 0.15 mg i.v.	Confusion, screaming ceased, amnesia retained
36[21]	1-17	19 M 17 F	Midazolam 0.1-0.5 mg/kg i.v. Meperidine 1-2 mg/kg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.01 mg/kg i.v. (n=30) Physostigmine i.v. (dose unknown, n=6)	Inconsolable crying, restlessness resolved
25[22]	2.5-18	NR	Midazolam 0.1-0.3 mg/kg i.v. Meperidine 1-2 mg/kg i.v.	Flumazenil 0.01 mg/kg i.v. i.v. (n=2)	Agitation resolved

NR = not reported.
^aRoute of administration was per rectum.