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References for:
Infectious Complications of Treatment with Biologic Agents

[Curr Opin Rheumatol 16(4):393-398, 2004. © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]

Papers of particular interest, published within the annual period of review, are highlighted as:

*Of special interest
**Of outstanding interest

  1. Cunnane G, Doran M, Bresnihan B: Infections and biological therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2003, 17:345-363.
    ** A thorough review of background infections in persons with RA, and those treated with traditional and new, biological therapies.
  2. Criscione LG, St Clair EW: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002, 14:204-211.
    * A good review of mechanism of action and relative effectiveness of the currently available TNF-α inhibitors.
  3. Boye J, Elter T, Engert A: An overview of the current clinical use of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Ann Oncol 2003, 14:520-535 [Published erratum appears in Ann Oncol 2003, 14:967.].
  4. White CA, Weaver RL, Grillo-Lopez AJ: Antibody-targeted immunotherapy for treatment of malignancy. Ann Med 2001, 52:125-145 [Published erratum appears in Annu Rev Med 2002, 53:xi.].
  5. Abou-Jawde R, Choueiri T, Alemany C, et al.: An overview of targeted treatments in cancer. Clin Ther 2003, 25:2121-2137.
  6. van Crevel R, Ottenhoff TH, van der Meer JW: Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002, 15:294-309.
  7. Gardam MA, Keystone EC, Menzies R, et al.: Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents and tuberculosis risk: mechanisms of action and clinical management. Lancet Infect Dis 2003, 3:148-155 [See comment.].
    ** A concise and accurate review of the pathophysiology of TB infection and disease and how TNF-α inhibitors disrupt the balance. The suggested approach to clinical care is one of several suggested plans.
  8. Roach DR, Bean AGD, Demangel C, et al.: TNF regulates chemokine induction essential for cell recruitment, granuloma formation, and clearance of mycobacterial infection. J Immunol 2002, 168:4620-4627.
  9. Flynn JL, Goldstein MM, Chan J, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Immunity 1995, 2:561-572.
  10. Lopez-Maderuelo D, Arnalich F, Serantes R, et al.: Interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167:970-975 [See comment.].
  11. Bellamy R: Interferon-gamma and host susceptibility to tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167:946-947 [See comment.].
    * Excellent background reading for other cytokines involved in immunity to TB.
  12. Lewinsohn DA, Heinzel AS, Gardner JM, et al.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells preferentially recognize heavily infected cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 168:1346-1352.
  13. Koguchi Y, Kawakami K, Uezu K, et al.: High plasma osteopontin level and its relationship with interleukin-12-mediated type 1 T helper cell response in tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167:1355-1359.
  14. Moreland LW, Bucy RP, Weinblatt ME, et al.: Immune function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept. Clin Immunol 2002, 103:13-21.
  15. Wood KL, Hage CA, Knox KS, et al.: Histoplasmosis after treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167:1279-1282.
  16. Phillips K, Husni ME, Karlson EW, et al.: Experience with etanercept in an academic medical center: are infection rates increased? Arthritis Rheum 2002, 47:17-21.
  17. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al.: Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1098-1104.
    ** The original description of cases of TB reported to the FDA associated with infliximab. It is limited in that it is a retrospective review of voluntarily reported cases, but gives an important view of the type of disease seen.
  18. Gomez-Reino JJ, Carmona L, Valverde VR, et al.: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors may predispose to significant increase in tuberculosis risk: a multicenter active-surveillance report. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:2122-2127.
    ** Large active-surveillance report of patients treated with a combination of TNF-α inhibitors, though infliximab predominantly.
  19. Centers for Disease Control: Reported TB in the United States, Surveillance Reports: 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001.
  20. Wagner TE, Huseby ES, Huseby JS: Exacerbation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enteritis masquerading as Crohn's disease after treatment with a tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor. Am J Med 2002, 112:67-69 [See comment.].
  21. Anonymous: Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: principles of therapy and revised recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998, 47:1-58.
  22. Furst DE, Cush J, Kaufmann S, et al.: Preliminary guidelines for diagnosing and treating tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in immunosuppressive trials or being treated with biological agents. Ann Rheum Dis 2002, 61:(suppl 3).
    ** A U.S. view of what to do to diagnose and treat TB in the setting of TNF-α inhibitor therapy.
  23. Mariette X, Salmon D: French guidelines for diagnosis and treating latent and active tuberculosis in patients with RA treated with TNF blockers. Ann Rheum Dis 2003, 62:791.
    ** A French view of what to do to diagnose and treat TB in the setting of TNF-α inhibitor therapy.
  24. Hamilton CD: Tuberculosis in the cytokine era: what rheumatologists need to know. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:2085-2091.
    * This authors view of how clinicians should approach diagnosis, prevention and treatment of TB infection and disease.
  25. Castro KG, Jereb JA, Koppaka VR, et al.: Fatal liver injury associated with rifampin-pyrazinamide treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Chest 2003, 123:967.
  26. Stout JE, Engemann JJ, Cheng AC, et al.: Safety of 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167:824-827.
  27. McNeill L, Allen M, Estrada C, et al.: Pyrazinamide and rifampin vs isoniazid for the treatment of latent tuberculosis-improved completion rates but more hepatotoxicity. Chest 2003, 123:102-106.
  28. Anonymous: Update: fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide treatment for latent tuberculosis infection, and revisions in American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations: United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001, 50:733-735.
  29. Anonymous: Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. American Thoracic Society. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000, 49:1-51.
  30. Kauffman CA, Israel KS, Smith JW, et al.: Histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients. Am J Med 1978, 64:923-932.
  31. Wheat LJ, Slama TG, Zeckel ML: Histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Med 1985, 78:203-210.
  32. Wheat LJ, Smith EJ, Sathapatayavongs B, et al.: Histoplasmosis in renal allograft recipients. Two large urban outbreaks. Arch Intern Med 1983, 143:703-707.
  33. Zhou P, Miller G, Seder RA: Factors involved in regulating primary and secondary immunity to infection with Histoplasma capsulatum: TNF-alpha plays a critical role in maintaining secondary immunity in the absence of IFN-gamma. J Immunol 1998, 160:1359-1368.
  34. Lee JH, Slifman NR, Gershon SK, et al.: Life-threatening histoplasmosis complicating immunotherapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists infliximab and etanercept. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:2565-2570.
  35. Mehrad B, Strieter RM, Standiford TJ: Role of TNF-alpha in pulmonary host defense in murine invasive aspergillosis. J Immunol 1999, 162:1633-1640.
  36. Roilides E, Dimitriadou-Georgiadou A, Sein T, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor alpha enhances antifungal activities of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes against Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect Immun 1998, 66:5999-6003.
  37. Steinbach WJ, Stevens DA: Review of newer antifungal and immunomodulatory strategies for invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 2003, 37(suppl 87).
    ** Thorough review of newer antifungal agents specifically for invasive aspergillosis, but many of which will be effective against other fungal pathogens.
  38. Hage CA, Wood KL, Winer-Muram HT, et al.: Pulmonary cryptococcosis after initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Chest 2003, 124:2395-2397.
  39. van Furth R, van Zwet TL, Buisman AM, et al.: Anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies inhibit the influx of granulocytes and monocytes into an inflammatory exudate and enhance the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in various organs. J Infect Dis 1994, 170:234-237.
  40. Rothe J, Lesslauer W, Lotscher H, et al.: Mice lacking the tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 are resistant to TNF-mediated toxicity but highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Nature 1993, 364:798-802.
  41. Pfeffer K, Matsuyama T, Kundig TM, et al.: Mice deficient for the 55 kd tumor necrosis factor receptor are resistant to endotoxic shock, yet succumb to L. monocytogenes infection. Cell 1993, 73:457-467.
  42. Slifman NR, Gershon SK, Lee JH, et al.: Listeria monocytogenes infection as a complication of treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agents. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:319-324.
  43. Gluck T, Linde HJ, Scholmerich J, et al.: Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and Listeria monocytogenes infection: report of two cases. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:2255-2257.
  44. Aparicio AG, Munoz-Fernandez S, Bonilla G, et al.: Report of an additional case of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and Listeria monocytogenes infection: comment on the letter by Gluck et al. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:1764-1765.
  45. Tai TL, O'Rourke KP, McWeeney M, et al.: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following a second infusion of infliximab. Rheumatology 2002, 41:951-952.