Figure 1. Length of stay by diagnosis related group: hospitalist clinician educators versus private physicians for fiscal year 2000. In descending order of prevalence, the bars represent percentage increases or decreases in length of stay for HCEs as compared to private physicians (P = .002). Diagnosis related group for pneumonia = 89, congestive heart failure + shock = 127, cerebrovascular accident = 14, gastrointestinal miscellaneous = 182, pancreatic diseases (not cancer) = 204, toxic effects of drugs = 449, alcohol/drug abuse/dependency = 434, chest pain = 143, alcohol liver disease = 202, diabetes with complications (age >35), arrhythmias = 138.

Figure 2. Cost per case by diagnosis related group: hospitalist clinician educators versus all other MDs for fiscal year 2000. In descending order of prevalence, the bars represent the relative percentage increases or decreases in cost per case for the HCEs as compared to the private physicians (P = .01). Diagnosis related group for pneumonia = 89, congestive heart failure + shock = 127, cerebrovascular accident = 14, gastrointestinal miscellaneous = 182, pancreatic diseases (not cancer) = 204, toxic effects of drugs = 449, alcohol/drug abuse/dependency = 434, chest pain = 143, alcohol liver disease = 202, diabetes with complications (age >35), arrhythmias = 138.

Figure 3. Resident perception of hospitalist clinician educators' impact on educational activities. Residents were asked to assess the effect of HCEs on several parameters of their inpatient experience on a 5-point Likert scale.

Figure 4. Resident perception of hospitalist clinician educators' impact on resource utilization. Residents were asked whether use of evidence-based medicine, cost awareness, ancillary studies (labs, X-rays), and subspecialty consults was "increased,""unchanged," or "decreased" by the presence of HCEs. Percentages of each response are shown above.

Figure 5. Resident perception of hospitalist clinician educators' impact on resident behavior. Residents were asked whether their sense of responsibility, level of control, team leadership, and time spent with families was "increased,""unchanged," or "decreased" by the presence of HCEs. Results are shown by percentage for each response.