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References for:
Giant Cell Tumor of the Sacrum

[Neurosurg Focus 15(2), 2003. © 2003 American Association of Neurological Surgeons]

  1. Althausen PL, Schneider PD, Bold RJ, et al: Multimodality management of a giant cell tumor arising in the proximal sacrum: case report. Spine 27:361-365, 2002
  2. Anract P, De Pinieux G, Cottias P, et al: Malignant giant-cell tumours of bone. Clinico-pathological types and prognosis: a review of 29 cases. Int Orthop 22:19-26, 1998
  3. Chakravarti A, Spiro IJ, Hug EB, et al: Megavoltage radiation therapy for axial and inoperable giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81:1566-1573, 1999
  4. Enneking WF: Musculoskeletal Tumor Surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1983
  5. Higuchi T, Taki J, Sumiya H, et al: Intense 201 Tl uptake in giant-cell tumour of bone. Nucl Med Commun 23:595-599, 2002
  6. Kos CB, Taconis WK, Fidler MW, et al: Multifocal giant cell tumors in the spine. A case report. Spine 22:821-822, 1997
  7. Lackman RD, Khoury LD, Esmail A, et al: The treatment of sacral giant-cell tumours by serial arterial embolisation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84:873-877, 2002
  8. Lin PP, Guzel VB, Moura MF, et al: Long-term follow-up of patients with giant cell tumor of the sacrum treated with selective arterial embolization. Cancer 95:1317-1325, 2002
  9. Ozaki T, Liljenqvist U, Halm H, et al: Giant cell tumor of the spine. Clin Orthop 401:194-201, 2002
  10. Ozdemir MH, Gurkan I, Yildiz Y, et al: Surgical treatment of malignant tumours of the sacrum. Eur J Surg Oncol 25:44-49, 1999
  11. Saikia B, Goel A, Gupta SK: Fine-needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of giant-cell tumor of the sacrum presenting as a rectal mass: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol 24:39-41, 2001
  12. Sar C, Eralp L: Surgical treatment of primary tumors of the sacrum. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 122:148-155, 2002
  13. Siebenrock KA, Unni KK, Rock MG: Giant-cell tumour of bone metastasising to the lungs. A long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 80:43-47, 1998
  14. Simpson AH, Porter A, Davis A, et al: Cephalad sacral resection with a combined extended ilioinguinal and posterior approach. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77:405-411, 1995
  15. Verhagen WI, Bartels RH, Schaafsma HE, et al: A giant cell tumor of the sacrum or a soft tissue giant cell tumor? A case report. Spine 23:1609-1611, 1998
  16. Wuisman P, Lieshout O, Sugihara S, et al: Total sacrectomy and reconstruction: oncologic and functional outcome. Clin Orthop 381:192-203, 2000