Tables

Table 1. Outcome of intravenous alteplase therapy for acute ischemic stroke

Study No. of
Patients Percent of
Symptomatic
ICH Percent
Mortality or
Dependency
NINDS^[12] 312 6.4 57
ECASS II^[14] 81 11.8 58
STARS^[15] 389 3.3 57

ECASS = European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study; ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage; NINDS = National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; STARS = Standard Treatment with Alteplase to Reverse Stroke
(Reprinted with permission from Mohr JP, Choi D, Grotta JC, et al. Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management, Third Edition. In: Levy EI, Kim SH, Bendok BR, et al. Interventional Neuroradiological Therapy for Intracranial Vascular Pathology. Churchill-Livingstone, In press.)

Study	No. of Patients	Percent of Symptomatic ICH	Percent Mortality or Dependency
NINDS^[12]	312	6.4	57
ECASS II^[14]	81	11.8	58
STARS^[15]	389	3.3	57

Table 2. Results of combined intravenous and intraarterial thrombolysis

Investigators Design Symptomatic
ICH Within
7 Days Outcome
Definition Outcome Mortality
EMS Bridging Trial Investigators^[21] Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study comparing safety and feasibility of two treatment strategies 12% (2/17) IV/IA; 6% (1/18) placebo/IA 3 months GOS, Barthel index, mRS No significant differences in outcome between treatment groups At 90 days:45% (5/11) in IV/IA; 10% (1/10) in placebo/IA
Ernst et al.^[18] University of Cincinnati Retrospective study to assess safety and feasibility of IV t-PA/IA t-PA within 3 hours of symptom onset 6% (1/16) mRS, follow-up range: 2-100 months 44% (7/16) mRS of 0 or 1, 19% (3/16) mRS of 2, 25% (4/16) mRS of 4 or 5 13% (2/16)
Keris et al.^[20] Riga, Latvia Open-label prospective study to assess safety and efficacy of IV t-PA/IA t-PA within 6 hours of symptom onset None mRS at 1 month and 12 months; Good = mRS of 0-3; Poor = mRS of 4-6 67% (8/12) mRS 0-3 at 1 month, 83% (10/12) mRS 0-3 at 12 months 17% at 12 months
Hill et al.^[19] University of Calgary, Alberta Prospective, open-label study to assess safety and feasibility of IV t-PA/IA t-PA within 3 hours of symptom onset None NIHSS score < 3 at 90 days 67% (4/6) NIHSS < 3 at 90 days 17% (1/6)
Suarez et al.^[22] University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve Pilot study to assess feasibility of IV t-PA/IA urokinase or t-PA within 3 hours of symptom onset 10% (2/21) in IV t-PA group only Barthel index at 90 days: scores of 95 or 100 = good outcome 77% good outcome at 3 months, Barthel index scores > 95: 92% (12/13) in IV t-PA/IA UK group, 64% (7/11) in IV t-PA/IV t-PA group, 67% (14/21) in IV t-PA group 16% (7/45)

EMS = Emergency Management of Stroke; GOS = Glasgow Outcome Scale; IA = intraarterial; IV = intravenous; mRS = modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS = National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; t-PA = recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase); UK = urokinase
(Reprinted with permission from Mohr JP, Choi D, Grotta JC, et al. Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management, Third Edition. In: Levy EI, Kim SH, Bendok BR, et al. Interventional Neuroradiological Therapy for Intracranial Vascular Pathology. Churchill-Livingstone, In press.)

Investigators	Design	Symptomatic ICH Within 7 Days	Outcome Definition	Outcome	Mortality
EMS Bridging Trial Investigators^[21]	Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study comparing safety and feasibility of two treatment strategies	12% (2/17) IV/IA; 6% (1/18) placebo/IA	3 months GOS, Barthel index, mRS	No significant differences in outcome between treatment groups	At 90 days:45% (5/11) in IV/IA; 10% (1/10) in placebo/IA
Ernst et al.^[18] University of Cincinnati	Retrospective study to assess safety and feasibility of IV t-PA/IA t-PA within 3 hours of symptom onset	6% (1/16)	mRS, follow-up range: 2-100 months	44% (7/16) mRS of 0 or 1, 19% (3/16) mRS of 2, 25% (4/16) mRS of 4 or 5	13% (2/16)
Keris et al.^[20] Riga, Latvia	Open-label prospective study to assess safety and efficacy of IV t-PA/IA t-PA within 6 hours of symptom onset	None	mRS at 1 month and 12 months; Good = mRS of 0-3; Poor = mRS of 4-6	67% (8/12) mRS 0-3 at 1 month, 83% (10/12) mRS 0-3 at 12 months	17% at 12 months
Hill et al.^[19] University of Calgary, Alberta	Prospective, open-label study to assess safety and feasibility of IV t-PA/IA t-PA within 3 hours of symptom onset	None	NIHSS score < 3 at 90 days	67% (4/6) NIHSS < 3 at 90 days	17% (1/6)
Suarez et al.^[22] University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve	Pilot study to assess feasibility of IV t-PA/IA urokinase or t-PA within 3 hours of symptom onset	10% (2/21) in IV t-PA group only	Barthel index at 90 days: scores of 95 or 100 = good outcome	77% good outcome at 3 months, Barthel index scores > 95: 92% (12/13) in IV t-PA/IA UK group, 64% (7/11) in IV t-PA/IV t-PA group, 67% (14/21) in IV t-PA group	16% (7/45)