Medscape www.medscape.com

References for:
Hepatic Vein Thrombosis (Budd-Chiari Syndrome)

[Semin Liver Dis 22(1):5-14, 2002. © 2002 Thieme Medical Publishers]

  1. Stuart K, Bras G. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver. Q J Med 1957;26:291-314
  2. Parker RGF. Occlusion of the hepatic veins in man. Medicine (Baltimore) 1959;38:369-402
  3. Akiyoshi H, Terada T. Centrilobular and perisinusoidal fibrosis in experimental congestive liver in the rat. J Hepatol 1999; 30:433-439
  4. Witte CL, Witte MH, Dumont AE. Lymph imbalance in the genesis and perpetuation of the ascites syndrome in hepatic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1980;78:1059-1068
  5. Beattie C, Sitzmann JV, Cameron JL. Mesoatrial shunt hemodynamics. Surgery 1988;104:1-9
  6. Menu Y, Sebag G, Vilgrain V, et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome: MR evaluation. Diagn Int Radiol 1990;2:23-28
  7. Miller WJ, Federle MP, Straub WH, et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome: imaging with pathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging 1993;18:329-335
  8. Soyer P, Rabenandrasana A, Barge J, et al. MRI of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Abdom Imaging 1994;19:325-329
  9. Gonzalez-Flecha B, Reides C, Cutrin JC, et al. Oxidative stress produced by suprahepatic occlusion and reperfusion. Hepatology 1993;18:881-889
  10. Henrion J. Ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver: pathophysiologic hypotheses and potential relevance to human hypoxic hepatitis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2000;63: 336-347
  11. Tanaka M, Wanless IR. Pathology of the liver in Budd-Chiari syndrome: portal vein thrombosis and the histogenesis of veno-centric cirrhosis, veno-portal cirrhosis, and large regenerative nodules. Hepatology 1998;27:488-496
  12. Vilgrain V, Lewin M, Vons C, et al. Hepatic nodules in Budd-Chiari syndrome: imaging features. Radiology 1999; 210:443-450
  13. Mahmoud AE, Helmy AS, Billingham L, et al. Poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal venous system thrombosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997;9:485-489
  14. Gupta S, Barter S, Phillips GW, et al. Comparison of ultrasonography, computed tomography and 99mTc liver scan in diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Gut 1987;28:242-247
  15. Tavill AS, Wood EJ, Kreel L, et al. The Budd-Chiari syndrome: correlation between hepatic scintigraphy and the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in nineteen cases of hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Gastroenterology 1975;68:509-518
  16. Cho KJ, Geisinger KR, Shields JJ, Forrest ME. Collateral channels and histopathology in hepatic vein occlusion. AJR 1982;139:703-709
  17. Hadengue A, Poliquin M, Vilgrain V, et al. The changing scene of hepatic vein thrombosis: recognition of asymptomatic cases. Gastroenterology 1994;106:1042-1047
  18. Hirshberg B, Shouval D, Fibach E, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of autonomous growth of erythroid precursors in liquid culture detects occult polycythemia vera in the Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Hepatol 2000;32:574-578
  19. Janssen HL, Meinardi JR, Vleggaar FP, et al. Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and deficiencies in coagulation inhibitors associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: results of a case-control study. Blood 2000;96:2364-2368
  20. Denninger MH, Chait Y, Casadevall N, et al. Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors. Hepatology 2000;31:587-591
  21. Mahmoud AEA, Mendoza AEA, Meshokhes AN, et al. Clinical spectrum, investigations and treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Q J Med 1996;89:37-43
  22. Rosenberg RD, Aird WC. Vascular-bed-specific hemostasis and hypercoagulable states. N Engl J Med 1999;340: 1555-1564
  23. Rosendaal FR. Venous thrombosis: a multicausal disease. Lancet 1999;353:1167-1173
  24. Schafer AI. Hypercoagulable states: molecular genetics to clinical practice. Lancet 1994;344:1739-1742
  25. Deltenre P, Denninger MH, Hillaire S, et al. Factor V Leiden-related Budd-Chiari syndrome. Gut 2001;48:264-268
  26. Anger BR, Seifried E, Scheppach J, et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome and thrombosis of other abdominal vessels in the chronic myeloproliferative diseases. Klin Wochenschr 1989; 67:818-825
  27. Wanless IR, Peterson P, Das A, et al. Hepatic vascular disease and portal hypertension in polycythemia vera and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a clinicopathological study of 145 patients examined at autopsy. Hepatology 1990;12: 1166-1174
  28. Valla D, Casadevall N, Lacombe C, et al. Primary myeloproliferative disorder and hepatic vein thrombosis. A prospective study of erythroid colony formation in vitro in 20 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:329-334
  29. Reid CD, Chanarin I, Lewis J. Formes frustes in myeloproliferative disorders. Identification by the growth of an endogenous erythroid clone in vitro in patients with arterial vascular disease. Lancet 1982;1:14-15
  30. Hillmen P, Lewis SM, Bessler M, et al. Natural history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1253-1258
  31. Socie G, Mary JY, de Gramont A, et al. Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: long-term follow-up and prognostic factors. French Society of Haematology. Lancet 1996;348:573-577
  32. Valla D, Dhumeaux D, Babany G, et al. Hepatic vein thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. A spectrum from asymptomatic occlusion of hepatic venules to fatal Budd-Chiari syndrome. Gastroenterology 1987;93:569-575
  33. Pelletier S, Landi B, Piette JC, et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome as the second cause of non-tumorous Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Hepatol 1994;21:76-80
  34. Mahmoud AE, Elias E, Beauchamp N, et al. Prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation in hepatic and portal vein thrombosis. Gut 1997;40:798-800
  35. Price DT, Ridker PM. Factor V Leiden mutation and the risks for thromboembolic disease: a clinical perspective. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:895-903
  36. Valla D, Le MG, Poynard T, et al. Risk of hepatic vein thrombosis in relation to recent use of oral contraceptives. A case-control study. Gastroenterology 1986;90:807-811
  37. Valla D. Drug-induced vascular and sinusoidal lesions of the liver. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1988;2:481-500
  38. Dilawari JB, Bambery P, Chawla Y, et al. Hepatic outflow obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome). Experience with 177 patients and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1994;73:21-36
  39. Valla D, Benhamou JP. Obstruction of the hepatic veins or suprahepatic inferior vena cava. Dig Dis 1996;14:99-118
  40. Bismuth E, Hadengue A, Hammel P, et al. Hepatic vein thrombosis in Behcet's disease. Hepatology 1990;11:969-974
  41. Brinson RR, Curtis WD, Schuman BM, et al. Recovery from hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome) complicating ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33:1615-1620
  42. Marteau P, Cadranel JF, Messing B, et al. Association of hepatic vein obstruction and coeliac disease in North African subjects. J Hepatol 1994;20:650-653
  43. Aikat BK, Bhusnurmath SR, Chhuttani PN, et al. Hepatic vein obstruction-a retrospective analysis of 72 autopsies and biopsies. Ind J Med Res 1978;67:128-144
  44. Gupta S, Blumgart LH, Hodgson HJ. Budd-Chiari syndrome: long-term survival and factors affecting mortality. Q J Med 1986;60:781-791
  45. Uddin W, Ramage JK, Portmann B, et al. Hepatic venous outflow obstruction in patients with polycystic liver disease: pathogenesis and treatment. Gut 1995;36:142-145
  46. Ahn SS, Yellin A, Sheng FC, et al. Selective surgical therapy of the Budd-Chiari syndrome provides superior survivor rates than conservative medical management. J Vasc Surg 1987; 5:28-37
  47. Valla D, Hadengue A, el Younsi M, et al. Hepatic venous outflow block caused by short-length hepatic vein stenoses. Hepatology 1997;25:814-819
  48. Okuda K, Kage M, Shrestha SM. Proposal of a new nomenclature for Budd-Chiari syndrome: hepatic vein thrombosis versus thrombosis of the inferior vena cava at its hepatic portion. Hepatology 1998;28:1191-1198
  49. Bismuth H, Sherlock DJ. Portasystemic shunting versus liver transplantation for the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Ann Surg 1991;214:581-589
  50. Zeitoun G, Escolano S, Hadengue A, et al. Outcome of Budd-Chiari syndrome: a multivariate analysis of factors related to survival including surgical portosystemic shunting. Hepatology 1999;30:84-89
  51. Kreel L, Freston JW, Clain D. Vascular radiology in the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Br J Radiol 1967;40:755-759
  52. Rector WG, Redeker AG. Direct transhepatic assessment of hepatic vein pressure and direction of flow using a thin needle in patients with cirrhosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome. An effective alternative to hepatic vein catheterization. Gastroenterology 1984;86:1395-1399
  53. Bellin Mf, Challier E, Valla D, Et Al. Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Value Of Duplex Sonography And Colour Doppler Imaging For Diagnosis And Follow-Up. Eur Radiol 1995;5:379-386
  54. Ohta M, Hashizume M, Tomikawa M, et al. Analysis of hepatic vein waveform by Doppler ultrasonography in 100 patients with portal hypertension. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89: 170-175
  55. Millener P, Grant EG, Rose S, et al. Color Doppler imaging findings in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: correlation with venographic findings. AJR 1993;161:307-312
  56. Mathieu D, Kracht M, Zafrani E, et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome. In: Ferrucci J, Mathieu D, eds. Advances in Hepatobiliairy Radiology. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1990:3-8
  57. Ludwig J, Hashimoto E, McGill D, et al. Classification of hepatic venous outflow obstruction: ambiguous terminology of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 1990;65: 51-55
  58. Wanless I, Liu J, Butany J. Role of thrombosis in the pathogenesis of congestive hepatic fibrosis (cardiac cirrhosis). Hepatology 1995;21:1232-2137
  59. Wanless I, Wong F, Blendis L, et al. Hepatic and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: possible role in development of parenchymal extinction and portal hypertension. Hepatology 1995;21:1238-1247
  60. Harbin W, Robert N, Ferrucci J. Diagnosis of cirrhosis based on regional changes in hepatic morphology. A radiological and pathological analysis. Radiology 1980;135: 273-283
  61. Mathieu D, Vasile N, Grenier P. Portal thrombosis: dynamic CT features and course. Radiology 1985;154:737-741
  62. Min AD, Atillasoy EO, Schwartz ME, et al. Reassessing the role of medical therapy in the management of hepatic vein thrombosis. Liver Transplant Surg 1997;3:423-429
  63. Campbell DA, Rolles K, Jamieson N, et al. Hepatic transplantation with perioperative and long term anticoagulation as treatment for Budd-Chiari syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1988;166:511-518
  64. Schmets L, Hagege H, Merlet C, et al. [Porto-hepatic thrombosis, revealing paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, followed by regression induced by heparin therapy]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1993;17:955-958
  65. Brearly S, Hawker PC, Dykes PW, et al. A lethal complication of peripheral vein vasopressin infusion. Hepatogastroenterology 1985;32:224-225
  66. Fisher NC, McCafferty I, Dolapci M, et al. Managing Budd-Chiari syndrome: a retrospective review of percutaneous hepatic vein angioplasty and surgical shunting. Gut 1999;44: 568-574
  67. McMullin MF, Hillmen P, Jackson J, et al. Tissue plasminogen activator for hepatic vein thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. J Intern Med 1994;235:85-89
  68. Bilbao JI, Pueyo JC, Longo JM, et al. Interventional therapeutic techniques in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1997;20:112-119
  69. Lopez RR, Benner KG, Hall L, et al. Expandable venous stents for treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Gastroenterology 1991;100:1435-1441
  70. Pisani-Ceretti A, Intra M, Prestipino F, et al. Surgical and radiologic treatment of primary Budd-Chiari syndrome. World J Surg 1998;22:48-53; discussion 53-54
  71. Vogt PR, Andersson LC, Jenni R, et al. Dorsocranial liver resection and direct hepatoatrial anastomosis for hepatic venous outflow obstruction: long-term outcome and functional results. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:539-544
  72. Henderson JM, Warren WD, Millikan WJ, et al. Surgical options, hematologic evaluation, and pathologic changes in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Am J Surg 1990;159:41-48; discussion 48-50
  73. Kohli V, Pande GK, Dev V, et al. Management of hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Lancet 1993;342:718-722
  74. Orloff MJ, Johansen KH. Treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome by side-to-side portacaval shunt: experimental and clinical results. Ann Surg 1978;188:494-512
  75. Shaked A, Goldstein RM, Klintmalm GB, et al. Portosystemic shunt versus orthotopic liver transplantation for the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1992;174: 453-459
  76. Vons C, Smadja C, Bourstyn E, et al. Results of portal systemic shunts in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Ann Surg 1986; 203:366-370
  77. Panis Y, Belghiti J, Valla D, et al. Portosystemic shunt in Budd-Chiari syndrome: long-term survival and factors affecting shunt patency in 25 patients in Western countries. Surgery 1994;115:276-281
  78. Cobo F, Cervantes F, Garcia-Pagan JC, et al. [Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with chronic myeloproliferative syndromes: analysis of 6 cases]. Med Clin (Barcelona) 1996;107: 660-663
  79. Blum U, Rossle M, Haag K, et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome: technical, hemodynamic, and clinical results of treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Radiology 1995;197:805-811
  80. Ganger DR, Klapman JB, McDonald V, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for Budd-Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis: review of indications and problems. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:603-608
  81. Watanabe H, Shinzawa H, Saito T, et al. Successful emergency treatment with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for life-threatening Budd-Chiari syndrome with portal thrombotic obstruction. Hepatogastroenterology 2000; 47:839-841
  82. Ringe B, Lang H, Oldhafer KJ, et al. Which is the best surgery for Budd-Chiari syndrome: venous decompression or liver transplantation? A single-center experience with 50 patients. Hepatology 1995;21:1337-1344
  83. Halff G, Todo S, Tzakis AG, et al. Liver transplantation for the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Ann Surg 1990;211:43-49
  84. Hemming AW, Langer B, Greig P, et al. Treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome with portosystemic shunt or liver transplantation. Am J Surg 1996;171:176-180; discussion 180-181