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Child ID No. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 No. of patternsa Day-care center 1 20 3 -- 0 -- 1 21 6 -- Didn't cutb 9,10,11 4 22 1,2,12 1,2,13,14 15,16 8 8 23 17,18 4,19 18 4,18,19,20,21 6 24 -- 5 5 5,22 2 25 0 0 -- 0 0 26 6,23 4,7 4,24,25,26 4,26,27 8 27 -- 7,28,29 28 28 3 28 1,30 -- 31 1 3 29 0 0 32 0 1 30 -- 2 -- -- 1 31 39 0 40,41 5,42,43,44 7 32 7,45 3,6,45 6,7,46,47 48 7 33 1 -- -- -- 1 34 0 7 7,33 Didn't cutb 2 35 49,50 49,51 51,52,53 53 5 37 54,55 54,55 54,56 54 3 38 7,34,35 0 8 0 4 39 36 0 0 37,38 3 40 7 4,6 6 6 3 Day-care center 2 51 3 3 6 6 2 53 11 11 11 11,12 2 54 0 0 31 0 1 55 -- 2,3 0 2,3 2 56 Didn't cutb 13,14 -- -- 2 57 7,8 7 0 0 2 58 2,15 13 -- -- 3 59 16,17 -- 16,18 16 3 60 -- -- 9 9,10 2 61 5,19 2,5,19,20 2,5 2,5 4 62 2 2,27 2,27 2 2 63 -- 1,28 28,29 28,29 3 64 -- 1,21 0 21 2 65 4,30 4,30 30 4,30 2 66 0 0 2 0 1 67 22 23 23,24 23,24 3 68 25 -- -- 25,26 2 69 4 -- 1,4 0 2
a 0 indicates that no H. influenzae were isolated. -- indicates that no culture was collected from the child at that time. b Isolate did not digest with SmaI.
Child ID # Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 No. of patterns Day care 1 20 0 -- 1,2 -- 2 21 0 -- 0 3 1 22 2 2 0 0 1 23 0 4 0 0 1 24 -- 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 -- 0 0 26 0 5 5 0 1 27 -- 0 5 5 1 28 0 -- 0 2 1 29 0 6 0 6 1 30 -- 6 -- -- 1 31 7 0 0 7,8 2 32 0 8 9 0 2 33 0 -- -- -- 0 34 0 8 8 0 1 35 0 10 0 0 1 37 11 11 11 11 1 38 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 12 1 40 13 0 0 0 1 Day care 2 51 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 14 0 14 1 54 0 0 0 0 0 55 -- 1 1 1 1 56 2 3 -- -- 2 57 4,5 0 0 5 2 58 0 0 -- -- 0 59 6 -- 6 6 1 60 -- -- 5 5 1 61 7 7 7 7 1 62 0 0 8 8 1 63 -- 0 9,10 9,10 2 64 -- 11 11 0 1 65 11 11 11 12,15 3 66 12 12 12 12 1 67 0 0 0 0 0 68 0 -- -- 0 0 69 0 -- 13 16 2
a 0 indicates that no S. pneumoniae were isolated. -- indicates that no culture was collected from the child at that time.
Risk Factor Carriage of two or more H. influenzae genetic types (n=55) OR (95% CI) Carriage of two or more S. pneumoniae genetic types (n=6) OR (95% CI) Male 1.11 (0.49-2.53) 0.63 (0.07-5.68) Race (nonwhite) 0.93 (0.39-2.19) 0.92 (0.16-5.47) Age (23 months, referent) 24-35 months 0.41 (0.11-1.55) -- 36-47 months 2.49 (0.92-6.74) -- >=48 months 1.43 (0.43-4.78) -- Allergies 2.26 (0.87-5.87) 1.37 (0.20-9.56) Exposure to smoking 3.73 (1.42-9.82) -- Pacifier use 0.23 (0.07-0.79) 3.01 (0.29-31.55) Otitis prone (having more than 3 infections/year) 0.39 (0.15-1.02) 1.64 (0.22-12.44) Presence of tubes 0.96 (0.26-3.49) 1.14 (0.11-11.80) Having siblings 1.42 (0.60-3.39) 0.96 (0.10-9.38) High parental education level (>4 years of college) 1.42 (0.60-3.39) 1.21 (0.16-9.24) Parental income (<$10,000-40,000 baseline) $41,000-$80,000/year 1.50 (0.39-5.72) 1.51 (0.14-16.00) $81,000->$100,000/year 1.01 (0.26-3.89) 0.43 (0.03-6.07) Day care site 1 1.06 (0.46-2.43) 2.26 (0.36-14.01) Antibiotic use 0.25 (0.32-1.57) Respiratory illness 0.71 (0.32-1.57) 0.72 (0.11-4.56) Otitis media episode 0.46 (0.11-1.84) --
a Logistic regressions performed with the generalized estimating equations (GEE) SAS macro to control for correlation between multiple samples taken from the same child.
Risk Factor Carriage of two or more H. influenzae genetic types (N=54) OR (95% CI) Exposed to smoking 3.89 (1.83-8.28) Allergies 2.48 (1.03-5.95) Age 24-35 months 0.60b (0.28-1.27) 36-47 months 3.43b (1.35-8.71) 48+ months 1.28b (0.49-3.32) Antibiotic use 0.26 (0.07-1.01)
a Logistic regression performed with the generalized estimating equations (GEE) SAS macro to control for correlation between multiple samples taken from the same children. All risk factors were included in a single model. b Odds ratios compared with 23-month age group.