| Characteristic | Derivation sample
(n [%]) | Validation sample
(n [%]) |
|---|
| Age (mean [SD]) | 78.4 (7.64) | 79.4 (7.59) |
| Female | 662 (59) | 622 (59) |
| White | 1039 (92) | 951 (91) |
| Admitted from SNF | 111 (10) | 107 (10) |
| History of HF | 682 (60) | 679 (65) |
| History of MI | 397 (35) | 400 (38) |
| Diabetes | 412 (36) | 398 (38) |
| Percent with LVEF measured | 752 (67) | 590 (56) |
| LVEF <40% | 328 (44) | 282 (48) |
| Discharge serum sodium <130 mmol/L | 22 (2) | 22 (2) |
| Discharge serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dL | 115 (10) | 120 (11) |
| Discharge medical therapy |
| ACE inhibitors | 629 (56) | 632 (60) |
| Digoxin | 657 (59) | 572 (55) |
| Diuretic | 988 (88) | 873 (83) |
| 6-Mo readmission rate | 570 (50) | 491 (47) |
| 6-Mo HF readmission rate | 287 (25) | 219 (21) |
| 6-Mo mortality rate | 206 (18) | 173 (18) |
| 6-Mo readmission + death | 644 (57) | 557 (53) |
ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
| Characteristics | No readmission
(n [%]) | Readmission
(n [%]) | P value* |
|---|
| Total sample | 559 (50) | 570 (50) | |
| Demographics |
| Age |
| 65-74 | 183 (47) | 209 (53) | .03 |
| 75-84 | 233 (48) | 249 (52) |
| >=85 | 143 (56) | 112 (44) |
| Sex |
| Male | 219 (47) | 248 (53) | .14 |
| Female | 340 (51) | 322 (49) |
| Race |
| White | 510 (49) | 527 (51) | .45 |
| Other | 49 (53) | 43 (47) |
| Medical history |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 149 (46) | 175 (54) | .13 |
| MI | 188 (47) | 209 (53) | .28 |
| HF | 311 (46) | 371 (54) | .001 |
| PTCA | 31 (49) | 32 (51) | .96 |
| CABG | 104 (48) | 114 (52) | .55 |
| Stroke | 94 (44) | 119 (56) | .08 |
| Renal failure | 84 (39) | 131 (61) | .001 |
| COPD | 133 (45) | 160 (55) | .10 |
| Diabetes | 180 (44) | 232 (56) | .003 |
| Hypertension | 338 (50) | 336 (50) | .60 |
| Admission in 1 y | 244 (44) | 312 (56) | .001 |
| HF admission in 1 y | 76 (42) | 104 (58) | .03 |
| Admission clinical characteristics |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | 141 (49) | 144 (51) | .99 |
| Orthopnea | 225 (48) | 241 (52) | .49 |
| Chest pain | 93 (50) | 92 (50) | .82 |
| SBP >200 mm Hg | 64 (56) | 51 (44) | .17 |
| Pulse >100 beats/min | 180 (51) | 172 (49) | .46 |
| Respiratory rate >24 breaths/min | 374 (49) | 387 (51) | .72 |
| Pulmonary edema on chest radiograph | 125 (48) | 135 (52) | .60 |
| Hospital course |
| LVEF <20% | 26 (46) | 31 (54) | .29 |
| Major complication | 26 (59) | 18 (41) | .20 |
| Major procedure | 45 (54) | 38 (46) | .37 |
| Length of stay >= 4 days | 515 (49) | 535 (51) | .26 |
| Discharge labs |
| Sodium <130 mmol/L | 13 (59) | 9 (41) | .36 |
| Potassium >5 mmol/L | 34 (51) | 33 (49) | .84 |
| BUN >40 mg/dL | 150 (42) | 204 (58) | .001 |
| Creatinine >2.5 mg/dL | 33 (29) | 82 (71) | .001 |
| BUN/creatinine >20 | 311 (48) | 335 (52) | .35 |
| Discharge mobility |
| Independent | 324 (49) | 334 (51) | .94 |
| Assisted | 235 (50) | 236 (51) |
BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
| * | P value for comparisons within samples of patients. |
